Qureshi University, Advanced courses, via cutting edge technology, News, Breaking News | Latest News And Media | Current News
admin@qureshiuniversity.com

Admissions | Accreditation | Booksellers | Catalog | Colleges | Contact Us | Continents/States/Districts | Contracts | Examinations | Forms | Grants | Hostels | Honorary Doctorate degree | Instructors | Lecture | Librarians | Membership | Professional Examinations | Recommendations | Research Grants | Researchers | Students login | Schools | Search | Seminar | Study Center/Centre | Thesis | Universities | Work counseling

Criminal Charges
Criminal Offences/Criminal Offenses
Criminal offenses in the state and outside the state.
Annotation or definition of crime in the state and outside the state.
Alphabetical listing of criminal offenses in the state and outside the state.
Classifications of crimes in the state and outside the state.
Criminal procedure in the state and outside the state.
Criminal defenses that are justified and unjustified in the state and outside the state.
Criminal and Civil Law
Directive for All States around the World
Defenses to Criminal Charges
Offender profiling
States around the world.

Annotation or definition of crime in the state and outside the state.
What is the meaning of the word crime?
An action or omission that constitutes an offense and is punishable in the state or outside the state.

What is another word for crime?
Offense
Misdeed
Felony
Misdemeanor
Transgression
Violation
Infringement
Atrocity
Lawlessness
Misconduct
Scandal
Wrongdoing
Abomination
Criminality
Depravity
Dereliction
Enormity
immorality
Wickedness
Wrong
Antisocial behavior
Sin

What is another word for offense?
Crime
Felony
Infringement
Misdemeanor
Misdeed
Malfeasance
Sin
Transgression
Violation
Wrong
Wrongdoing

What is the difference between offense and offence?
Offense is the preferred spelling in the North American States.
Offence is preferred spelling in some Asian States.
Other than how they are spelled, there is no difference between offense and offence.

What is criminal law in the state and outside the state?
Criminal law governs crimes, including felonies and misdemeanors, in the state and outside the state.

Classification or types of crimes in the state and outside the state.
What are classifications or types of crimes in the state and outside the state?
Classification as per seriousness of different crimes in the state and outside the state.
Classification as per criminal law areas or categories in the state and outside the state.
Classification as per crime and punishment in the state and outside the state.

Seriousness of Different Crimes

What are the types of criminal offenses in the state and outside the state?
Felonies
Misdemeanors
Infractions

What is a Criminal Felony?
A criminal felony is a crime that is punishable by at least one year in jail or prison.

Felonies are the most serious classification of crimes, punishable by incarceration of more than a year in prison and in some cases life in prison without parole and even execution. Both property crimes and person crimes can be felonies. Murder, rape and kidnapping are felony crimes, but armed robbery and grand theft also can be felonies. Not only can the person who committed the crime be charged with a felony, but so can anyone who aided or abetted the felon before or during the crime and anyone who became accessories of the crime after it was committed, such as those who help the felon avoid capture.

Most states have different classifications of felonies with increasing penalties for the most serious crimes. Each class of felony crimes has its own minimum and maximum sentences. But anyone convicted of a felony also loses civil rights, including the right to bear arms and even the right to vote, in some states.

What is a Criminal Misdemeanor?
In general, a criminal misdemeanor is a crime punishable by less than a year in jail and fines. Misdemeanors are considered less serious than felony charges but more serious than infractions.

Misdemeanors are crimes that do not rise to the severity of a felony. They are lesser crimes for which the maximum sentence is 12 months or less in jail. The distinction between misdemeanors and felonies lies within the seriousness of the crime. Aggravated assault (beating someone with a baseball bat, for example) is a felony, while simple battery (slapping someone in the face) is a misdemeanor.

But some crimes that are usually treated as misdemeanors in the courts, can rise to the level of a felony under certain circumstances. For example, in some states, possession of less than an ounce of marijuana is a misdemeanor, but possession of more than an ounce is considered possession with intent to distribute, a felony.

Likewise, an arrest for driving under the influence is usually a misdemeanor, but if anyone was hurt or killed or if it is not the driver's first DUI offense, the charge can become a felony.

What is an infraction?
An infraction is not considered a "criminal" charge and is a type of charge which does not carry any incarceration or jail time.

But under some circumstances, an infraction can rise to the level of a more serious crime. Running a stop sign might be a minor infraction, but not stopping for the sign and causing damage or injury is a more serious offense.

Capital Crimes

Capital crimes are those which are punishable by death. They are, of course, felonies. The difference between other classes of felonies and capital felonies is the fact that those accused of capital crimes can pay the ultimate penalty, the loss of their life.

Can you quote examples of class 1 felonies?
Can you quote examples of class 2 felonies?
Can you quote examples of class 3 felonies?
Can you quote examples of class 4 felonies?
Can you quote examples of class 5 felonies?
Can you quote examples of class 6 felonies?

Can you quote examples of class 1 misdemeanors?
Can you quote examples of class 2 misdemeanors?
Can you quote examples of class 3 misdemeanors?
Can you quote examples of class 4 misdemeanors?

What do you know about the essential commodities act in the state or outside the state?
What do you know about the essential services maintenance act in the state or outside the state?
What do you know about human rights in the state and outside the state?
What are various essential departments in the state and outside the state?
What do you know about various service rules in the state and outside the state?
What do you know about good character, good behavior, fidelity, conjugal rights, and criminal conspiracies?


I have answers to my questions.
What is your answer?
What did you understand from www.nazianazirqazi.org these facts?
If a person confesses without any duress to inflicting harms on the victim, the crime is a class 1 felony. What should happen next?
Sentence/punishment/death penalty for Class 1 felony.

Magistrates' court
Magistrate Courts
  • Criminal Offences

  • Section 304
    Section 34
    Under Section 302/324/34
    Under Section 147/341/337
    section 147 (rioting)
    447 (unlawful assembly)
    (Not applicable)143 (sedition) Improper relationship

    Section 153A of the penal code says, inter alia:

    Whoever (a) by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or (b) commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquility, . . . shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.[3]

    Enacted in 1927, section 295A says:

    Whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention of outraging the religious feelings of any class of, [by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise], insults or attempts to insult the religion or the religious beliefs of that class, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to [three years], or with fine, or with both.[4]

    . Section 51A(h) imposes on every citizen the duty to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

    Section 25(1) states, "Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practise and propagate religion". Section 19 gives, right to freedom of speech and expression but subject to reasonable restrictions for preserving inter alia "public order, decency or morality".

    Do you know that adulteration, hoarding, black marketing, and profiteering of essential commodities are offenses?
    What is the Essential Commodities Act?
    What is the Essential Services Maintenance Act?
    What is the Fair Housing Act?
    504 (intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of public peace), The 174 is filed when death occurs under suspicious circumstances.
    Under the Industrial Disputes Act, going on strike while conciliation proceedings were underway was prohibited.
    167 (misuse of official position by public servants)
    201 (screening of evidence) and
    409 (criminal breach of trust by public servants)

    Many forms of psychological or emotional abuse are crimes. The following Criminal Code offences may apply in psychological or emotional abuse situations:
    Many forms of financial exploitation or financial abuse are crimes. The following Criminal Code offences may apply in these situations:

    Unlawfully prescribing a controlled substance and prescribing, administering or dispensing a controlled substance to an addict.
    Opiates and sedatives, Sleep aids, muscle relaxants. The following offences included in the Criminal Code may apply in cases of neglect:

    These Criminal Code offences may apply in sexual abuse situations:
    354 (assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty), 509 (word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman) and 506 (criminal intimidation)
    sections 307 (attempt to murder), 362 ( causing damage to vital organ) 354 (Outrage of modesty ).
    148, 149, 353, 336, 427 on charges of stone-pelting
    341, 376, 323
    337/338
    Section 294

  • Disorderly Conduct

  • Public Safety Act

  • Terrorism

  • Factories

  • Preventive custody Section 171 and 151
    Sections 392 and 458
  • Q. Is there any Code of Federal regulation based on scientific or natural law that cannot be reversed?
      A. No, there is not.
    Q. What are examples of the flawed Code of Federal regulation in regards to good character, good behavior, rights, state planning and development, state economy, and state budget?

    Directive for All States around the World
    Universal Offense Code Index for Various States
    What are the directives for all states around the world?
    You can copy and paste facts from these resources if you do not have a list of all offenses inside and outside the state along with the descriptions of the questions and answers.

    What did the Offense Code Index reveal in the beginning in the state?
    Offense Code Index.
    This index does not list all offenses and is intended only as a ready reference guide to enforcement sections in the Illinois Compiled Statutes (ILCS).
    These are some of the reasons you can copy and paste facts from these resources if you do not have a list of all offenses inside and outside the state along with descriptions of the questions and answers.

    Nominate judges, lawyers, and law researchers from the state so that they can do further research and make recommendations. They can be stationed in their native state while doing further research and making recommendations.

    We look forward to a Universal Offense Code Index for various states while updating the facts regularly at the www.qureshiuniversity.com/criminaloffenses.html resource.

    How should communications inside and outside the state proceed?
    Email, call, fax, or forward postal mail from the relevant state to the state department of law in your state and then we can also have meetings.

    Deprivation Of Rights Under Color Of Law
    Law enforcement agents, under the color of law, are not allowed to use their authority to:
    Unlawfully confiscate property
    Falsely arrest a subject
    Falsify records
    Use cruel or unusual punishment to detain an individual
    Fail to keep a person from harm
    Sexual assault can occur in various circumstances.

    Q: What is the difference between a felony and misdemeanor?
    A misdemeanor is any crime that carries a maximum sentence of one year in the county jail.
    Q: What is a capital offense?
    Q: What is a common-law crime?
    Q: What is common law?
    Q: What is a crime of omission?
    Q: What is a crime of passion?
    Q: What is hate crime?
    Q: What is the difference between a tort and crime?
    Q: Where an act is both a tort and a crime, may a suit be brought on the tort?
    Q: Distinguish between a tort and a breach of contract?
    Q: Who may be a plaintiff in an action of tort?
    Q: Who may be a defendant?
    Q: Define assault.
    Q: Define battery.
    Q: What are the essential elements in every assault?
    Q: Enumerate some of the different acts which may constitute an assault?
    Q: Can there be an assault without motion of any kind?
    Q: What is necessary in order to constitute a battery?
    Q: In what ways may a battery be committed?
    Q: What constitutes an aggravated assault or battery?
    Q: Name five examples of aggravated assaults or batteries?
    Q: What is false imprisonment?
    Q: Compare the action for false imprisonment with that for malicious prosecution?
    Q: What are necessary elements in every action for false imprisonment?
    Q: What are various criminal offenses?
    Q: Is election fraud a criminal offense?
    Q: Is issuing harmful, fraudulent instructions a criminal offense?
    Q: Who should have been consulted before any such instruction?
    Q: What will constitute an unlawful detention?
    Q: How is vicarious liability defined?
    Q: Name three circumstances in which a party may be vicariously liable.

    Q: What are the duties and responsibilities of the lawyer?
    Q: What are the elements of effective case management?
  • Criminal Investigations

  • Rescue-Mission Deaths

  • What are arrestable offences?
    Voluntarily causing grievous hurt
    Voluntarily causing hurt with a dangerous weapon
    (Concealment of evidence in relation to a capital offence).
    (Concealing evidence relating to offence for which punishment is a period of imprisonment or jail exceeding 10 years).
    (Concealment or destruction of document required for justice).
    (To aid or assist a person to hide following an escape).
    (Public servant committing unlawful act to mitigate person’s punishment).
    (Public servant using authority to arrest or detain innocent persons).
    Other

    What is a Magistrate’s Complaint?
    When a criminal act is done by several persons, in furtherance of the common intention of all, each of such persons is liable for that act in the same manner as if the act were done by him alone.

  • Criminal and Civil Law

    Comparison chart

    Civil Law

    Criminal Law

    Definition Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals, organizations, or between the two, in which compensation is awarded to the victim. Criminal law is the body of law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses.
    Purpose To deal with the disputes between individuals, organizations, or between the two, in which compensation is awarded to the victim. To maintain the stability of the state and society by punishing offenders and deterring them and others from offending.
    Case filed by Private party Government
    Decision Defendant can be found liable or not liable, the judge decides this. Defendant is convicted if guilty and acquitted if not guilty, the jury decide this.
    Standard of proof "Preponderance of evidence." Claimant must produce evidence beyond the balance of probabilities. "Beyond a reasonable doubt":
    Burden of proof Claimant must give proof however, the burden may shift to the defendant in situations of Res Ipsa Loquitur (The thing speaks for itself). "Innocent until proven guilty": The prosecution must prove defendant guilty.
    Type of punishment Compensation (usually financial) for injuries or damages, or an injunction in nuisance. A guilty defendant is subject to Custodial (imprisonment) or Non-custodial punishment (fines or community service). In exceptional cases, the death penalty.
    Examples Disputes Murder, Rape etc.
    Appeals Either party (claimant or defendant) can appeal a court's decision. Only the defendant may appeal a court's verdict. The prosecution is not allowed to appeal.
    Jury opinion In cases of civil law, the opinion of the jury may not have to be unanimous. Laws vary by state and _______. In the criminal justice system, the jury must agree unanimously before a defendant is convicted.
    Commencement of proceedings State/People/Prosecution by summons or indictment By way of pleadings, Representatives of the state, Prosecutor, Attorney General.

    Classification as per criminal law areas or categories in the state and outside the state.
    Criminal Law Areas or categories
    1. Alcohol-related crimes

    2. Crimes Against Children

    3. Crimes Against Justice

    4. Crimes Against the Person

    5. Crimes against Public Order

    6. Crimes against humanity

    7. Criminal Traffic Offenses/ Suspended Licenses

    8. Curfew Laws

    9. Cyber Crimes

    10. Disorderly Conduct

    11. Drug and Narcotics Crimes

    12. Domestic crimes

    13. Embezzlement

    14. Fraud

    15. Gun Crimes

    16. Harms not elsewhere specified inside or outside the state.

    17. Homicide

    18. Inchoate crimes

    19. Juvenile Crimes

    20. Probation/Community Control Violations

    21. Property Crimes

    22. Public Safety Violations

    23. Road traffic issues

    24. Service matters inside and outside the state that are criminal issues.

    25. Sex Crimes

    26. Theft Crimes

    27. Violent and weapons crimes

    28. White collar crimes
    Crimes against the Person

    A crime against the person is a crime that's committed using direct harm or force against the victim. Usually the most serious crimes, such as murder or rape, are crimes against the person. These crimes are many times felonies because of the seriousness of harming another person. However, some lower level crimes, such as harassment or assault without a weapon, may be considered misdemeanors.

    Crimes against Property

    A crime against property is a crime that's committed by damaging or intruding on the property of the victim. Burglary and arson are two crimes against property that are normally felonies. Criminal mischief, which involves the intentional destruction of property, goes from a misdemeanor to a felony based on the value of the damage. Criminal trespass is usually classified as a misdemeanor.

    Crimes against Public Order

    A crime against public order is a crime that harms the community. Some examples include disorderly conduct, public lewdness, and prostitution. Many crimes against public order are considered misdemeanors. However, if a minor child is a victim, the misdemeanor may be raised to a felony.

    Drug-Related Crimes

    Crimes relating to drugs involve manufacture, possession, distribution and sale. Possessing a small amount of illegal drugs will usually be classified as a misdemeanor. However, distributing and selling large amounts of illegal drugs will almost always be classified as a felony.

    Offenses Against Family
    (Crimes Against Persons and Society)

    Definition: Unlawful, nonviolent acts by a family member (or legal guardian) that threaten the physical, mental, or economic well-being or morals of another family member and that are not classifiable as other offenses, such as Assault, Incest, Statutory Rape, etc.

    Harms not elsewhere specified inside or outside the state.

    Questions that need to be answered relevant to these issues.

    What harms have occurred inside or outside the state?

    Intentional trauma to the head caused by a person using a wooden bat has killed another person.
    Harm by a cork ball of four inches diameter on someone’s head has killed that individual.
    If you examine unlawful use of weapons 720 ILCS 5/24-1.6(a) (1), neither harms by a wooden bat nor harms by a cork ball are mentioned.
    Harms not elsewhere specified inside or outside the state must be mentioned.
    Intentional trauma inflicted by person using a wooden bat to hit another person on the head and kill that person must face first-degree murder charges.
    Those who tried to hush up the case face obstruction of justice charges along with other charges based on further investigations.
    Class 1 Felonies

    First degree murder is an example of a class 1 felony.

    Class 2 Felonies

    A second conviction for selling Schedule I or II drugs is a class 2 felony.

    Class 3 Felonies

    Class 4 Felonies

    Sexual assault is an example of a class 4 felony.

    Class 5 Felonies

    Theft of property from a person is a class 5 felony.

    Class 6 Felonies

    Possession of up to two grams of methamphetamine is a class 6 felony.

    Service matters inside and outside the state that are criminal issues.
    Service rules in the state and outside the state.
    What are essential service rules in the state and outside the state?
    You should never lie.
    You should always speak the truth.
    If you are asked questions about an issue, you should answer truthfully to the best of your abilities and knowledge.
    You should not harm others.
    If you harm others, public safety act detention will be applicable to the situation.
    You should not get involved in any felony or misdemeanor crime.
    Your focus should be on public service.
    You cannot harm.
    Speak English only is among workplace rules.
    Please speak in English.
    English is the official language.

    You are in public service.
    Do not violate anyone’s rights while on or off duty.

    Exempt and nonexempt Posting

    If you are highly skilled, you can get exempt posting.
    If you have exempt posting, you can leave the location of work or work from another location, home office, for example www.qureshiuniversity.com, and issue guidelines.
    If you have nonexempt posting, you cannot leave the location of work.
    You have to report at specific time, location, working hours.
    You cannot violate the rights of others.

    Transfers and posting

    What department should go ahead with transfers and posting in the state or outside the state?
    State department of human resources.
    State department of human services.
    This should be done in consultation with other departments or individuals affected by transfer and posting.

    Here are further guidelines.

    http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/servicerulesinthestate.html

    What are examples of service matters inside and outside the state that are criminal issues?
    Take a look at this: http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/criminaloffenses.html

    In some regions, this is called the government code inside and outside the state.

    Fraud in securing job appointment
    Incompetency
    Inefficiency
    Inexcusable neglect of duty
    Insubordination
    Dishonesty
    Drunkenness on duty
    Intemperance
    Addiction to the use of controlled substances
    Inexcusable absence, without a leave, applicable to a nonexempt job posting
    Guilty of felony or misdemeanor
    Immorality
    Discourteous treatment of the public or other employees
    Improper activity while utilizing inside or outside state resources
    Willful disobedience to essential departments of state directives
    Misuse of state property
    Activity that is inconsistent, incompatible, in conflict with, or inimical to, his or her job duties as a state employee
    Other failures of good behavior
    Use of unauthorized materials for target practice
    Any negligence, resulting in the death of a patient in a state hospital
    Unlawful discrimination
    Unlawful retaliation

    Priority
    Types of Criminal Investigation
    Aviation investigators around the world
    Human Rights Violations
    Road traffic crash.
    Murder Investigations
    Other


    Crime and Punishment classification
    Classification as per crime and punishment in the state and outside the state.
    Here are further facts.
    www.nazianazirqazi.org

    What are criminal procedures in the state and outside the state?
    Arrest without a warrant
    Arrest with a warrant
    Plea bargain (justified and unjustified)
    Criminal evidence
    Pretrial hearings and motions
    Criminal trial
    Sentencing/punishments accused/guilty deserve
    Criminal appeals
    Death penalty upheld
    Death penalty

    Disciplinary action against an employee and criminal charges

    What is the difference between disciplinary action against an employee and criminal charges?
    Employee disciplinary action can end with termination from job.
    Criminal punishment can include termination from job, confiscation of assets, and life in prison or even death penalty depending on the criminal offenses.

    Felonies and Misdemeanors

    Criminal offenses are considered either felonies or misdemeanors. Offenses are classified in the following manner:

    Felony Misdemeanor
    Class 1 felony Class 1 misdemeanor
    Class 2 felony Class 2 misdemeanor
    Class 3 felony Class 3 misdemeanor
    Class 4 felony Class 4 misdemeanor
    Class 5 felony  
    Class 6 felony  

    COV 18.2-10. Felonies

    The authorized punishments for conviction of a felony are:

    1. For Class 1 felonies, death, or imprisonment for life and a fine of up to $100,000.
    2. For Class 2 felonies, imprisonment for life or a minimum of 20 years and a fine of up to $100,000.
    3. For Class 3 felonies, imprisonment for five to 20 years and a fine of up to $100,000.
    4. For Class 4 felonies, imprisonment for two to 10 years and a fine of up to $100,000.
    5. For Class 5 felonies, the jury or court may choose imprisonment for one to 10 years or jail for up to 12 months and a fine of up to $2,500, either or both.
    6. For Class 6 felonies, the jury or court may choose imprisonment for one to five years or jail for up to 12 months and a fine of up to $2,500, either or both.

    COV 18.2-11. Misdemeanors

    The authorized punishments for conviction of a misdemeanor are:

    1. For Class 1 misdemeanors, confinement in jail for up to twelve months and a fine of up to $2,500, either or both.
    2. For Class 2 misdemeanors, confinement in jail for up to six months and a fine of up to $1,000, either or both.
    3. For Class 3 misdemeanors, maximum fine of $500.
    4. For Class 4 misdemeanors, maximum fine of $250.

    Last Updated: January 21, 2016