List of materials properties
A material's property is an intensive, often quantitative property of a material, usually with a unit that may be used as a metric of value to compare the benefits of one material versus another to aid in materials selection.
A material property may be a constant or may be a function of one or more independent variables, such as temperature. Material's properties often vary to some degree according to the direction in the material in which they are measured; a condition referred to as anisotropy. Materials properties that relate two different physical phenomena often behave linearly (or approximately so) in a given operating range, and may then be modeled as a constant for that range. This linearization can significantly simplify the differential constitutive equations that the property describes.
Some material's properties are used in relevant equations to determine the attributes of a system a priori. For example, if a material of a known specific heat gains or loses a known amount of heat, the temperature change of that material can be determined. Materials properties may be determined by standardized test methods. Many such test methods have been documented by their respective user communities and published through ASTM International.
Contents |
[edit] Acoustical properties
[edit] Atomic properties
- Atomic mass
- Atomic number - applies to pure elements only
- Atomic weight - applies to individual isotopes or specific mixtures of isotopes of a given element.
[edit] Chemical properties
- Corrosion resistance
- Hygroscopy
- pH
- Reactivity
- Specific internal surface area
- Surface energy
- Surface tension
[edit] Electrical properties
- Conductivity
- Dielectric constant
- Dielectric strength
- Electrical conductivity
- Permeability
- Permittivity
- Piezoelectric constants
- Seebeck coefficient
[edit] Environmental properties
- Embodied energy
- Embodied water
- RoHS compliance
There are a variety of other properties to consider in an environmental impact assessment that effect the ecological or human environment that may be difficult to quantify (unlike most of the properties listed on this page) including pollution (extraction, transportation, manufacture), scarcity/abundance, habitat destruction, renewability, recyclability, wars fought over materials, labor exploitation, etc. These can be subjective, dependent on context, or inadequately measured.
[edit] Magnetic properties
[edit] Manufacturing properties
- Castability
- Extruding temperature and pressure
- Hardness
- Machinability rating
- Machining speeds and feeds
[edit] Mechanical properties
- Compressive strength : Maximum stress a material can withstand before compressive failure (MPa)
- Density : Mass per unit volume (kg/m^3)
- Ductility : Ability of a material to deform under tensile load (% elongation)
- Fatigue limit : Maximum stress a material can withstand under repeated loading (MPa)
- Flexural modulus
- Flexural strength
- Fracture toughness : Energy absorbed by unit area before the fracture of material (J/m^2)
- Hardness : Ability to withstand surface indentation (e.g. Brinell hardness number)
- Plasticity (physics) : Ability of a material to undergo irreversible deformations (-)
- Poisson's ratio : Ratio of lateral strain to axial strain (no units)
- Shear modulus : Ratio of shear stress to shear strain (MPa)
- Shear strain : Change in the angle between two perpendicular lines in a plane
- Shear strength : Maximum shear stress a material can withstand
- Softness
- Specific modulus : Modulus per unit volume (MPa/ m^3)
- Specific weight : Weight per unit volume (N/m^3)
- Tensile strength : Maximum tensile stress a material can withstand before failure (MPa)
- Yield strength : The stress at which a material starts to yield (MPa)
- Young's modulus : Ratio of linear stress to linear strain (MPa)
- Coefficient of friction (also depends on surface finish)
- Coefficient of restitution
[edit] Optical properties
- Absorptivity
- Color
- Luminosity
- Photosensitivity
- Reflectivity
- Refractive index
- Scattering
- Transmittance
[edit] Radiological properties
[edit] Sensorial properties
See also Materials Form in WikID, the Industrial Design Engineering Wiki
[edit] Thermal properties
- Autoignition temperature
- Binary phase diagram
- Boiling point
- Coefficient of thermal expansion
- Critical temperature
- Curie point
- Emissivity
- Eutectic point
- Flammability
- Flash point
- Glass transition temperature
- Heat of fusion
- Heat of vaporization
- Inversion temperature
- Melting point
- Phase diagram
- Pyrophoricity
- Solidus
- Specific heat
- Thermal conductivity
- Thermal diffusivity
- Thermal expansion
- Seebeck coefficient
- Triple point
- Vapor Pressure
- Vicat softening point
