BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS

DECLARATIVE SENTENCES

Declarative Sentences are groups of words which contain a subject and a verb, and make statements.

Some terms to know when dealing with Declarative Sentences:

Transitive Verbs: a verb which requires a direct object to complete its message.
Intransitive Verbs: a verb which does not require a direct object to complete its message.
Linking Verbs: a verb which relates a subject to its complement (typically, they are "to be" verbs such as is, was, are, were; verbs which related to the senses of the human body, such as hear, see, smell; and, a few other words, such as become, appear, and seem).
Direct Object: is a word which receives the action of the verb or verbal
Indirect Object: is a word which tells for or to whom something is done.
Object of the Preposition: is a word which follows a preposition.
Subject Complement: follows a linking verb and describes the subject.
Object Complement: follows and modifiers or refers to a direct object.
Verb Complement: is a direct or indirect object of a verb (usually, a noun or pronoun).

DECLARATIVE SENTENCE PATTERNS

1) Subject + Intransitive Verb
Lisa ran.

2) Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object
Lisa jumped an obstruction.

3) Subject + Linking Verb + Subject Complement
Lisa was happy.

4) Subject + Transitive Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
Lisa threw Alex the ball.

5) Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement
Lisa jumped an obstruction the hurtle.

6) Subject + Intransitive Verb + Object of the Preposition (Prepositional Phrase)
Lisa ran around the neighborhood.

IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

Imperative Sentences are groups of words which do not necessarily contain a physical subject and which give commands.

1) Verb + Direct Object
Push the lever.

2) Verb + Object of the Preposition
Run around the neighborhood.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

Interrogative Sentences are single words or groups of words which ask questions. They may have not have subjects or even verbs. They may even be fragments.
EX:
Hungry?
Are you hungry?
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
Exclamatory Sentences are single words or groups of words which show strong emotions or exclamations. Note: They may be combined with other types of sentences; however, if they show strong emotion then they remain exclamatory sentences.
EX:
Hurry!
Hurry, purchase your new furniture!