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Types of Subject

1. Nouns

Subject

Verb

Complement

John

teaches

American English.

Austin

is

the capital of Texas.

Airplanes

are

a fast means of transportation.

2. Pronouns

a) Personal Pronouns

Subject

Verb

Complement

He

teaches

American English.

It

is

the capital of Texas.

They

are

a fast means of transportation.

b) Interrogative Pronouns

Subject

Verb

Complement

Who

asked

that question?

What

happened

last night?

Which

comes

fist?

c) Demonstrative pronouns

Subject

Verb

Complement

This

is

right.

That

sounds

good.

These

are

good.

Those

are

better.

d) Indefinite pronouns

Subject

Verb

Complement

Some of the students

are

here.

Some

are

there.

Much

is

available.

Many

were

absent yesterday.

A few

came

to class.

A lot

are

here already. 

3. Gerund or Gerund Phrase

Subject

Verb

Complement

Smoking in the room

is

prohibited.

Making coffee

is

easy.

Teaching

is

an interesting profession.

Studying here

increases

a person’s knowledge

4. Infinitive or infinitive phrase

Subject

Verb

Complement

To fly

requires

skill.

To fire a rocket

isn’t

easy.

To come to class late

is

inexcusable.

5. Indefinite or Dummy subject

Subject

Verb

Complement

To fly

requires

skill.

To fire a rocket

isn’t

easy.

To come to class late

is

inexcusable.

 

 

 

6. Clauses

Subject

Verb

Complement

What he said

was

valuable.

When they will arrive

isn’t

certain.

That we were going to be late for the party

became

obvious.

 
Single words Dogs, water, Asif

Article + Noun The teacher, a cat, some ice

Adjective(s) + Noun A big, black spider

Noun + relative clause The man who lives there

Gerunds Skiing

Infinitives To sing

Noun clauses Whatever you do

D. Uses of a, an, the, and no article

1. The definite article the is used with:

A few proper nouns (names of canals, deserts, forests, oceans, rivers, seas; plural names of islands, lakes, and mountains; a few countries;… )

The Mississippi River is the longest in the United States.

Singular or plural count nouns (definite)

The old man in the big house loved to see the children who came to visit.

Noncount nouns (definite)

The coffee that I had this morning was not very good.

Singular count nouns (generic)

The bicycle is excellent transportation.

2. The indefinite articles a and an are used with:

Singular count nouns (indefinite)

A man is sitting on the bench at the bus stop.

Singular count nouns (generic)

A bicycle is excellent transportation.

3. No Article (and no other determiner) is used with:

Most proper nouns (definite)

George and Fred both speak English.

Plural count nouns (generic)

Bicycles are excellent transportation.

Noncount nouns (generic)

Coffee is served in nearly all restaurants.

Plural count nouns (indefinite)

I talk to students every day.

Noncount nouns (indefinite)

I need information.