Qureshi University, Advanced courses, via cutting edge technology, News, Breaking News | Latest News And Media | Current News
admin@qureshiuniversity.com

Apply for Academic Admission | Academic Guide | About the Founder | Aircraft | Ambassadors | Accreditation | Aviation World | A to Z Degree Fields | Biographies | Books | Blog | Catalog | Calendar | Climate | Collaboration | Colleges | Complaint | Contact Us | Construction | Contracts | Coordinates | Courses | Counseling Services | Create New Account | Credits and Credit Hours | Critical Care | Data Center | Departments | Doctor Consultation | Distance Education | Education materials | Electrical Engineer | Equipment | Emergency | Emergency call centers | Examinations | English Editing Service | Forms | Faculty | Facilities | Grants | Global Military Aircraft | Hardware | Hardware Resources | Helicopters | Hostels | Honorary Doctorate degree | Internet Education | Inspections | Investigations | Internet | Intellectual Property | Investment | Instructors | Islands | Internship | Job Openings | Journal | Kings and Queens | Login | Lecture | Languages | License/Permit/Registration | Maps | Medical Emergency | Manufacturing | Materials | Measurement | Mentor | Meeting Guidelines | Military Equipment Guide | Movies | Money transfer(Pay Now) | Membership | Navy | North America | Non-Emergency Services | Observers | Oceans | Oil | Operating systems | Planet Earth | Police | Products | Professions | Proposals | Publication | Professional Examinations | Paraprofessional | Profile | Progress Report | Recommendations | Referral or Reference | Research Grants | Research | States | Students login | Search | Software | Seminar | Study Center/Centre | Sponsorship | Submit an Issue | Surveillance | Team | Telephone Conversations | Time | Tutoring | Thesis | Universities | Universe & Space | Vehicles | Website | Word processor | Weather | Work counseling | Word Count Tool

Frequently Asked Questions About Writing Journal Style Papers.....Just the FAQs
Here are further guidelines.
[ Table of Contents ]

| General | Title | Abstract | Introduction | Methods | Results | Tables and Figures | Discussion | | In-text references and Literature Cited | Appendices | Latin Names | Numbers and writing

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GENERAL FAQs

How do I write species names (i.e., Latin names - binomial nomenclature)?
How do I write and place the main section headings? Subheadings?
How do I write numbers in the text?
What if I start a sentence with a number?

TITLE FAQs

Where is the Title placed?
What should be capitalized in a the Title?
What key words are used in Titles?
Should the Title be underlined?

ABSTRACT SECTION FAQs

What is the structure of the Abstract?
Should I give detailed Methods in the Abstract?
What results should be reported in the Abstract?
How do I know when I have enough information in my Abstract?
How long should my Abstract be?
When should the Abstract be written?

INTRODUCTION SECTION FAQs

What is the general structure of the Introduction?
With what level of information should I begin my Introduction?
Where should I state the purpose of my research?
How do I cite outside references in the text?

METHODS SECTION FAQs

Do I have to say where and when I did my research?
How should the Methods be organized?
When should I use subheadings?
What should be the style of my presentation?
What kinds of Methods details should I include?
What are the quantitative details of the Methods that should be included?
How do I identify treatments and controls?
What kinds of information should I include to describe my data analysis?

RESULTS SECTION FAQs

What are key results?
Should I use both Tables and Figures to present the same data?
What data should I report in the text?
How do I write numbers in the text?
Should I report negative results?

TABLE AND FIGURE FAQs

When should I use a Figure vs a Table to show a result?
How do I number Tables and Figures?
When should I abbreviate the the word Figure?
How do I format Tables and Figures?
Where does the Table legend go? Figure legend?
What information should appear in my legends?
Should I include a title with my figures?
Where should I place my Tables and Figures in the manuscript?
How do I refer to Tables and Figures from the text?
How do I decide on symbols, lines and bar fills to represent different variables?

DISCUSSION SECTION FAQs

What is the function of the Discussion?
What is the writing style I should use in the Discussion?
How should I approach organizing the Discussion?
How much of the Results should be reiterated in the Discussion?
Should any new results be given in the Discussion?
How does the Discussion connect to the Introduction?
How is the work of others used in my Discussion?
How do I cite outside references in the Discussion?

REFERENCES AND LITERATURE CITED SECTION FAQs

How do I cite literature in the body of the paper (Intro/Discussion) for:
general examples in context
single author articles
two author articles
3 or more author articles
unknown author
a reference found only as a citation in another article WWW sources
several articles are cited together in a sentence
HELP! This guide doesn't show the citation format I need!
Information derived via personal communication
Where does the period go - before or after the reference?

How do I do complete citations in the Literature Cited for:
journal articles
books
articles in books
theses
personal communications
WWW
Do I indent the citation?
How do I sequence the citations in the Literature Cited list?
What about multiple authors - do I list all of them in the full citation?
What if I have two or more papers by the same author - how do I sequence them in the Literature Cited?
What if I cite the same author(s) for two or more papers published in the same year?
What if my source does not name an author?


APPENDICES FAQs

What kinds of information belongs in an Appendix?
How do I number the Figures and Tables in the Appendix?
How do I label appendices?

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FAQs

Who must I acknowledge in my paper?
Where do the acknowledgments go in my paper?

WRITING AND NUMBERS

Writing Numbers: Whether to enter numerals or words for a number is often confusing. In different situations, this will vary, but probably a fair generality is that a numeral is shorter than a word, so use a numeral, with the following exceptions:

You cannot begin a sentence with a numeral. The number "1,256,781" must be entered at the beginning of a sentence as "One million, two hundred fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and eighty-one," as ridiculous as it seems. If the number involves a unit of measure, the unit must be likewise spelled out as a word in most cases (pH would be one exception). Work the sentence so you don't have to begin it with the number!

When not speaking of data or experimental groupings, use words instead of numerals for small numbers: "two centuries ago," "For well over fifty years..", "Of the many millions of fish released..."
Numbers are generally written as numerals when a specific value is named, and always when associated with a unit of measure: "270 centuries ago," "59 people...", "...47.8 g dry weight...".