Carbohydrate Concepts and Possible Test Questions
1. What is a monosaccaride, disaccaride and polysaccaride?
A monosaccaride is one simple sugar compound.
A disaccaride is made by combining two monosacarides
A polysaccaride is a structure made from many monosaccarides.
2. What is a condensation reaction (Carbohydrate specific)?
A condensation reactions joins one or more monosaccarides together to from disaccarides or polysaccarides. Water is a product of the reaction.
3. What is a condensation reaction (general)?
Any reaction that combines molecules together to form longer chains and produces water as a product
4. What is a hydrolysis reaction? (Carbohydrate specific)
A reaction of a carbohydrate with water (usually acidic water) that breaks a disaccaride into a monosaccaride or a polysaccaride into smaller pieces
5. What is a hydrolysis reaction? (General)
Any reaction with water that breaks a compound into its smaller building block components
6. What is an isomer?
Compounds with the same number and ratio of atoms but the atoms are placed in a different location (Example C6H12O6 has many isomer compounds like glucose, galactose, fructose Also α β and straight chain forms of glucose.)
7. Give the differences between α and β linkages in complex carbohydrates
THE TYPE OF LINKAGE IS CRITICAL TO THE OVERALL PROPERTY OF A MOLECULE. For example amylose, a chemical in starch formed is formed with α linkages and is easily digestible. However cellulose, which is identical to amylose except it has β linkages between the glucose units cannot be digested.
8. T F The exact location of an atom on the saccharide ring is not important as long as the molecule has the same empirical formula (e.g. both are CxH2xOx)
9. The primary difference between amlyose (starch) and cellulose is:
a)Starch is long straight chain molecule while cellulose is a long branching molecule
b)Starch is made from fructose while cellulose is made from glucose monosaccaride
c)Starch has α linkages while cellulose has β linkages
d)There is no difference. They have the same properties because both are made from glucose
e)Starch is not metabolized by humans but cellulose is
10. Which, if any of the following carbohydrate is primarily present in milk?
f)None. Milk primarily contains protein, fat and water
g)Sucrose
h)Fructose
i)Galactose
j)Lactose
11. If you are Lactose intolerant:
k)Your body cannot tolerate lactic acid
l)Your body is missing an enzyme to metabolize lactose
m)You can eat yogurt and cheese instead of milk
n)a) and b)
o)b) and c)
12. Which is not a polysaccharide?
p)Starch
q)Cellulose
r)Glycogen
s)Amylpectin
t)Maltose
13. The human body uses ________________ for short to moderate term storage of carbohydrate
u)Glycogen
v)Cellulose
w)Starch
x)Pectin
y)Glucose
14. T F Typical polysaccharides are made up of 50 – 100 glucose units
Q. What is the Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health?
Q. Why is it important for people with diabetes to be physically active?
Q. How much and how often should people with diabetes exercise?
Q. What are some good types of physical activity for people with diabetes?
Q. Are there any safety considerations for people with diabetes when they exercise?
Q. How do we prevent and treat diabetes?