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Q) What type of family centric counseling is mandatory before conception? Q) What is prenatal care? Q) Why do I need prenatal care? Q) I am thinking about getting pregnant. How can I take care of myself? Q) I'm pregnant. What should I do or avoid for a healthy baby? Q) I don't want to get pregnant right now. But should I still take folic acid every day? Q) How often should I see my doctor during pregnancy? Q) What happens during prenatal visits? Q) I am in my late 30s and I want to have a child now. Should I do anything special? Q) Where can I go to get free or reduced-cost prenatal care? Q) How often should you have prenatal or antenatal consultation? Q) Why do you need this counseling? Q) What should I be eating? Q) What sorts of tests do I need to make sure the baby is okay? Q) How do you know if you are having a boy or a girl? Q) How should we prepare for the newborn�s arrival? Q) Am I Pregnant? Q) Is The Baby Developing Normally? Q) What Can Go Wrong? Q) Is spotting a reason for concern? Q) How much do I need to eat when I'm pregnant? Q) Is it safe to have sex? Q) How can I relieve morning sickness? Q) What are the first symptoms of pregnancy? Q) How long after conception does the fertilized egg implant? Q) What is the most accurate pregnancy test to use? Q) How is the baby's due date calculated? Q) What is meant by the term nullipara? Q) How does a woman know if she has an ectopic or tubal pregnancy? Q) When should a woman have her first prenatal visit? After the first visit, how often should a woman see her doctor? Q) When should a woman have her first ultrasonography? Q) What are the signs of a miscarriage? Q) Is cramping during pregnancy normal? Q) Why do pregnant women feel tired? Q) What is the best way to detect abnormalities in the fetus? Q) What are the safest treatments for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy? Q) Are other foods that should be avoided while pregnant? Q) Can women safely dye their hair during pregnancy? Q) Can pregnant women safely take medications during pregnancy? Q) How do I know if/when I'm ovulating? Q) What is considered a high risk pregnancy? Q) Is it safe to drink coffee while you're pregnant? Q) Will sleeping on my back during pregnancy harm my baby? Q) Is the influenza vaccine safe during pregnancy? Q) I have three different due dates. Which date is correct? Q) Is it safe to use prostaglandin in an asthmatic patient? Q) How can I obtain varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG)? Q) What is round ligament pain? Q) If a woman gets pregnant with an intrauterine device (IUD) in place should the IUD be removed? Q) Is it Safe to Exercise During Pregnancy? Q) What is placenta previa? Q) Medical termination of pregnancy. Who decides? Who terminates? Q) Are you pregnant? Q) What are the symptoms of pregnancy that are common? Q) What are the symptoms of miscarriage? Q) What complications may arise? Q) How much weight should you gain? Q) What happens each week, month or trimester? Q) What should you buy for the baby? Q) What are the common Early Pregnancy Symptoms? Q) Will my Breast Tenderness go away soon? Q) Can I do anything about my Pregnancy Constipation? Q) Are Pregnancy Food Cravings and Aversions for real? Q) How bad will my Pregnancy Dizziness get? Q) Is there a reason I have so much Pregnancy Fatigue? Q) When will this Frequent Urination during Pregnancy stop? Q) Why am I having these Headaches during Pregnancy? Q) What is Implantation Bleeding, and what are the symptoms? Q) Does Pregnancy really cause Lower Back Pain? Q) If I have Missed my period does that mean I am definitely pregnant? Q) Why do I have these Mood Swings? Q) Do I have the flu or Morning Sickness? Q) What are the Signs and Symptoms of Early Pregnancy? Pregnancy Calendar and Pregnancy Q) What are all the Pregnancy Terms I should know? Q) Can I find any General Pregnancy Information here? Q) What do they look at during Prenatal Testing? Q) What happens in the First Month of Pregnancy? Q) What happens during my Pregnancy in Month 2? Q) What is important for my Pregnancy in Month 3? Q) What happens during my Pregnancy in Month 4? Q) What is important for my Pregnancy in Month 5? Q) What happens during my Pregnancy in Month 6? Q) What is important for my Pregnancy in Month 7? Q) What happens during my Pregnancy in Month 8? Q) What is important for my Pregnancy in Month 9? Q) What happens during my Pregnancy in the First Trimester? Q) What is important for my Pregnancy in the Second Trimester? Q) What happens during my Pregnancy in the Third Trimester? Labor and Birth Q) What should I Expect in Labor and Birth? Q) What happens in the delivery room after the Baby is Born? Q) What Happens immediately after Birth? Q) Where's the best place to get free samples for when the baby arrives? Pregnancy Complications Q) Is Bleeding During Pregnancy cause for alarm? Q) What are the stages of Cervical Dilation? Q) Do I have Ectopic Pregnancy Symptoms? Q) Can my Gestational Diabetes Symptoms mean something else? Q) Can I stop Intrauterine Growth Retardation? Q) Can Placenta Abruption and Placenta Previa be casued by me? Q) When Post Term Pregnancy begin? Q) What do Preeclampsia Symptoms mean and what can I do? Q) Can Pregnancy Anemia be cured with diet? Q) When will this Morning Sickness and Nausea end? Q) Is Preterm Labor dangerous for my baby? Q) What are the Signs of Miscarriage? Q) When should I Call the Doctor if I am worried? Pregnancy Nutrition, Fitness, and Needs Q) When can I start Postpartum Fitness regimen? Q) Where can I find Pregnancy Diet and Fitness tips? Q) What is the best level of Pregnancy Fitness? Q) How fast will my Pregnancy Weight Gain come off? About Stretch Marks during Pregnancy Q) Can I learn how to Avoid stretch marks? Q) Do Stretch Mark Creams really work? Q) What Stretch Marks Exercises work the best? Q) Do Stretch Marks in Pregnancy remain after the birth of the baby? Q) # What are the common Stretch Marks Medical Treatments? Q) What are the Reasons Stretch Marks appear? Q: What is prenatal care? Q: Why is prenatal care important? Q: What happens during prenatal visits? Don't hesitate to discuss sensitive subjects. Q: Why do I need prenatal care? Q: I am thinking about getting pregnant. How can I take care of myself? Q: I'm pregnant. What should I do or avoid for a healthy baby? Q: I don't want to get pregnant right now. But should I still take folic acid every day? Q: How often should I see my doctor during pregnancy? Q: I am in my late 30s and I want to have a child now. Should I do anything special? Q: Where can I go to get free or reduced-cost prenatal care? Q: What should I be eating? Q: What sorts of tests do I need to make sure the baby is okay? Q: How do you know if you are having a boy or a girl? Q: How should we prepare for the newborn�s arrival? What is prenatal care? Prenatal care is medical attention given to the expectant mother and her developing baby. It also involves the mother�s caring for herself by following her health care provider�s advice, practicing good nutrition, getting plenty of rest, exercising sensibly, and avoiding things that could harm her or her baby. Why is prenatal care important? Habits that may not harm an adult may still harm your baby�s development. Remember that your child�s health begins long before it is born. Through proper prenatal care, you can reduce your baby�s risk for health problems. Why do I need prenatal care? Prenatal care can help keep you and your baby healthy. Babies of mothers who do not get prenatal care are three times more likely to have a low birth weight and five times more likely to die than those born to mothers who do get care. Doctors can spot health problems early when they see mothers regularly. This allows doctors to treat them early. Early treatment can cure many problems and prevent others. Regular health care is best for you and your baby. I am thinking about getting pregnant. How can I take care of myself? You should start taking care of yourself before you start trying to get pregnant. By staying active, eating right, and taking a multivitamin, you can help keep yourself and your baby healthy even before it is conceived. This will help you have a healthy pregnancy and lower your chances of having a baby born with a birth defect. Here are some ways to take care of yourself before you get pregnant: * Eat healthy foods, exercise regularly (30 minutes per day most days of the week is best), and get enough rest and sleep. Talk to your doctor about what kinds of food and exercise are best for you. * Get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid (one of the B vitamins) every day. The best way to do this is to take a daily multivitamin with this amount of folic acid. Getting enough folic acid every day before you get pregnant and during early pregnancy can help prevent certain birth defects. Many breakfast cereals and other grain products are enriched with folic acid. But only some products contain 400 mcg of folic acid per serving. Always check the labels to be sure you're getting your daily dose. * See your doctor for a complete check up. Make sure that you've had all your shots, especially for rubella (German measles). Rubella can cause serious birth defects. Chickenpox can also be dangerous during pregnancy. If you've had chickenpox and rubella in the past, you should be immune to them. If not, talk to your doctor about the vaccines. * Tell your doctor about any prescription or over-the-counter medicines (including herbal remedies) you are taking. Some medicines are not safe to take during pregnancy. * Stop smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, or taking drugs. Ask your doctor for help. Members of your faith community, counselors, or friends can also give support. I'm pregnant. What should I do or avoid for a healthy baby? Some things you can do to take care of yourself and the precious life growing inside you include: * Take a multivitamin or prenatal vitamin with 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. * Get early and regular prenatal care. Whether this is your first pregnancy or third, health care is extremely important. Your doctor will check to make sure you and the baby are healthy at each visit. If there are any problems, early action will help you and the baby. * Eat a healthy diet that includes fruits, vegetables, grains, and calcium - rich foods. Choose foods low in saturated fat. * Unless your doctor tells you not to, try to be active for 30 minutes, most days of the week. If you don't have much time, get your exercise in 10 minute segments, three times a day. Learn more about how to have fit during pregnancy. * If you smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs, STOP! These can cause long-term harm to your baby. Ask your doctor for help. * Ask your doctor before taking any medicine. Some are not safe during pregnancy. Remember that even over-the-counter medicines and herbal products may cause side effects or other problems. So ask your doctor before taking these products too. * Avoid hot tubs, saunas, and x-rays. * If you have a cat, ask your doctor about toxoplasmosis. This infection is caused by a parasite sometimes found in cat feces. When left untreated toxoplasmosis can cause birth defects. Your doctor may suggest avoiding cat litter and working in garden areas used by cats. * Don't eat uncooked or undercooked meats or fish. * Stay away from chemicals like insecticides, solvents (like some cleaners or paint thinners), lead, and mercury. Not all products have pregnancy warnings on their labels. If you're unsure if a product is safe, ask your doctor before using it. * Avoid or control caffeine in your diet. Pregnant women should have no more than two servings of caffeine per day. Remember that teas, sodas, and chocolate may contain caffeine. * Stay active. Most women continue working through pregnancy. Few jobs are unsafe for pregnant women. But if you're worried about the safety of your job, talk with your doctor. * Get informed. Read books, watch videos, go to a childbirth class, and talk with experienced moms. * Ask your doctor about childbirth education classes for you and your partner. Classes can help you prepare for the birth of your baby. Check out our more detailed tips on pregnancy dos and don'ts. I don't want to get pregnant right now. But should I still take folic acid every day? Experts recommend that all women of childbearing age get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. Even women with very little chance of getting pregnant should get their daily dose of folic acid. This is because many pregnancies are not planned. Often women don't know they are pregnant for a number of weeks. And some birth defects happen during this very early part of pregnancy. Taking 400 mcg of folic acid every day will help prevent some birth defects that happen in early pregnancy. If a woman doesn't start taking vitamins until the second or third month of pregnancy, it may be too late to prevent birth defects. Folic acid may also have other health benefits for women. How often should I see my doctor during pregnancy? Your doctor will give you a schedule of all the doctor's visits you should have while pregnant. As your pregnancy progresses, you'll see the doctor more often. Most experts suggest you see your doctor: * about once each month for the first six months of pregnancy * every two weeks for the seventh and eight month of pregnancy * every week until the baby is born If you are over 35 or your pregnancy is high risk because of health problems (like diabetes or high blood pressure), you'll probably see your doctor more often. What happens during prenatal visits? During the first prenatal visit, you can expect your doctor or nurse to do the following: * ask about your health history including diseases, operations, or prior pregnancies * ask about your family's health history * do a complete physical exam * do a pelvic exam with a Pap test * order tests of your blood and urine * check your blood pressure, urine, height, and weight * figure out your expected due date * answer your questions At the first visit, you should ask questions and discuss any issues related to your pregnancy. Find out all you can about how to stay healthy. Later prenatal visits will probably be shorter. Your doctor will check on your health and make sure the baby is growing as expected. Most prenatal visits will include: * checking the baby's heart rate * checking your blood pressure * checking your urine for signs of diabetes * measuring your weight gain While you're pregnant your doctor or midwife may suggest a number of laboratory tests, ultrasound exams, and other screening tests. Visit the Doctor's Visits and Tests page in the Healthy Pregnancy section of our website for more details on prenatal tests and procedures. I am in my late 30s and I want to get pregnant. Should I do anything special? As you age, you have an increasing chance of having a baby born with a birth defect. Yet most women in their late 30s and early 40s have healthy babies. See your doctor regularly before you even start trying to get pregnant. She will be able to help you prepare your body for pregnancy. She will also be able to tell you about how age can affect pregnancy. During your pregnancy, seeing your doctor regularly is very important. Because of your age, your doctor will probably suggest some additional tests to check on your baby's health. More and more women are waiting until they are in their 30s and 40s to have children. While many women of this age have no problems getting pregnant, fertility does decline with age. Women over 40 who don't get pregnant after six months of trying should see their doctors for a fertility evaluation. Experts define infertility as the inability to become pregnant after trying for one year. If you think you or your partner may be infertile, talk to your doctor. She or he will be able to suggest treatments such as drugs, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology. Where can I go to get free or reduced-cost prenatal care? Is smoking bad for my baby? A pregnant smoker is at a higher risk for problems in her pregnancy. Babies born to mothers who smoke have a lower average birthweight, an increased rate of premature birth, and are at greater risk of death from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), than babies of nonsmokers. Studies show that women who quit smoking early in their pregnancies can reduce the risk of damage to their babies. Even quitting in the last month of pregnancy can help your baby by increasing the amount of oxygen available to him/her during delivery. Will alcohol harm my baby? There is no guaranteed safe level of alcohol consumption if you are pregnant. Any alcohol you drink enters bo th yours and your baby�s bloodstream. Alcohol use during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS babies may suffer from physical, behavioral, and mental problems. Should I avoid taking medicine? Don�t take any medication without first consulting your health care provider. Even over-the-counter medication�for example, antihistamines or pain medications that contain aspirin or ibuprofen�can be harmful to a developing baby. Be careful about vitamins. Take the prenatal vitamins prescribed or recommended by your health care pro vider, but don�t take any additional vitamins on your own. Although you need more of some things, like iron, calcium, and folate, too much of other nutrients can harm your baby. What foods should I eat? A healthy baby starts with healthy food. When you are pregnant, everything you eat or drink nourish es your baby, too. That�s why it�s important to eat healthy foods. A pregnant woman only needs about 300 extra calories a day to meet her needs and give her baby the necessary nutrients. Therefore, your goal should be to eat highly nutritious foods while avoiding excessive calories, fat, sugar, and sodium. Do I need to see a health care provider before pregnancy? All women of childbearing age are encouraged to visit a health care provider annually. See your health care provider immediately if you suspect you are pregnant. Do my baby and I need to see a health care provider after delivery? Yes, following your pregnancy, it�s important to make and keep your health care appointments for both you and your baby. Where can I find health care and social services? There are many free or low-cost services for pregnant women and their babies. For more information, call 1-800-311-BABY (1-800-311-2229). For information in Spanish, call 1-800-504-7081. You also may find services through the following places: * Hospitals * Churches * Doctors� offices * Other human service programs * State or local Health Departments # I had to have some x-rays before I discovered I was pregnant. Will my baby be harmed? Studies suggest that the risk of an increase in birth defects from x-rays performed during pregnancy is low. There is a slight increase in risk of childhood leukemia, which rises from approximately 2 in 6,000 cases to 3 in 6,000. This is a very small risk when compared to that of a newborn whose sibling has leukemia, where the risk is 1 in 720. # Is it safe to have x-rays when I am pregnant? Your doctor will usually avoid ordering x-rays during pregnancy unless they are necessary for your health or for an emergency. The risk of birth defects increases after the exposure of radiation absorbed by the body rises from 5 - 10 rads (most will not expose the fetus to this level of radiaton). If it is not urgent, the x-ray will be postponed until after your pregnancy. # I had to have an MRI before I discovered I was pregnant. Will my baby be harmed? Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) does not pose harm to the fetus, since it uses a magnetic field instead of ionizing radiation to create the image. # My doctor tells me I need an alphafetaprotein (AFP) blood test. What is this? The AFP test measures the amount of alphafetaprotein in the blood. A certain amount is normal in all pregnant women. It is produced by your baby's liver, and passes through the placenta into your bloodstream. Excessive amounts of AFP may indicate a neural tube defect such as anencephaly or spina bifida. An unusually low amount may indicate the presence of Down's syndrom in the baby. # When should I have my alaphafetaprotein AFP test? Most doctors perform the AFP test between weeks 15 and 20. The most accurate results are obtained between weeks 16 and 18. # My alphafetaprotein (AFP) test returned high levels of AFP. What is the risk that my baby has a neural tube defect? The risk of a neural tube defect is about 1 or 2 for every 1,000 pregnancies (0.1%-0.2%). The test returns a high positive value in 5 out of 100 pregnancies (5%). A high value will indicate the need for additional tests. You may be further along in your pregnancy that you previously thought, or you may be carrying twins. AFP tests will detect all cases of anencephaly. It will also detect 80% of spina bifida cases. # How accurate is alphafetaprotein (AFP) testing when detecting Down's syndrome babies? AFP testing only detects about 20% of Down's syndrome babies. # Can you please describe the alphafetaprotein triple screen (AFP3 or Downscreen Plus)? The AFP3 detects neural tube defects in the same way as the regular AFP test, but it also measures three markers that help increase the ability to test for Down's syndrome. # How does the AFP triple screen (AFP3 or Downscreen Plus) work? In addition to measure the levels of alphafetaprotein in the bloodstream, the AFP3 test also measure the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and unconjugated estriol. HCG is present in every pregnancy, and is used to determine whether you are pregnant (remember your home pregnancy test?). HCG is created by the placenta, and abnormally high values have been seen in Down's syndrome pregnancies. Unconjugated estriol is a hormone that is synthesized by your baby's liver, the placenta and the adrenal glands. Unusually low levels have been found in Down's syndrome pregnancies. Low levels are also found in other pregnancies with a high somatic chromosome count. # My AFP triple screen (AFP3 or Downscreen Plus) returned positive. Am I carrying a Down's syndrome baby? Checklist: First Prenatal Checkup Questions How much weight should I gain, and at what rate? Do I have an increased risk of any specific complications or conditions? What screenings do I need? What kind of diet should I follow? What should I eat and drink a lot of, and what should I avoid? Should I be doing any particular kind of exercise? What kind and amount is safe? Are there any restrictions on sex throughout my pregnancy? What about flying? Can I� Dye my hair? Use sunless tanner? Get a massage? Paint my nails? Go to the spa? Are there any other activities I should avoid? What over-the-counter medications are safe, and in what amount? Are there any I should avoid? Are the prescription medications I�m currently taking safe? If not, what can I take or do instead? What prenatal vitamin do you recommend? Which prenatal classes do you recommend? What position should I sleep in? What symptoms should I expect, and how can I manage them? What�s normal, and what should I call you about? What should I do if I� Don�t feel well? Cramp? Spot? Have a fever? When should I call you? When labor begins, at what point should I call you? What is your position on� Inductions? Scheduled c-sections? Epidurals and other pain medications? Episotomies? Vacuum and forceps usage? IVs and EFMs? What are my options? When�s a good time to call you with questions? Who should I call if you aren�t available? Checklist: Pregnancy timeline TTC [ ] Preconception checkup [ ] Get tetanus booster and German measles and chicken pox immunizations [ ] Talk to relatives about family medical history including birth defects, miscarriages and genetic disorders [ ] Start taking prenatal vitamins [ ] If self employed, apply for a private disability policy [ ] See the dentist Weeks 1-8* [ ] Take pregnancy test [ ] Tell your spouse, relative [ ] Find an OB/GYN [ ] Schedule prenatal checkup [ ] Research health services -- how does it deal with pregnancy and children? [ ] Make sure partner has short and long term disability [ ] Figure out how pregnancy, baby and maternity leave will affect [ ] First prenatal checkup (week 4-8) Weeks 8-12 [ ] Start buying maternity clothes [ ] Chorionic villus sampling [ ] Nuchal translucency screening (week 10-12) [ ] Chromosomal disorder screening (week 10-14) [ ] Doctor visit Weeks 12-16 [ ] Start planning maternity leave and postpartum work schedule [ ] Tell spouse, relatives about pregnancy arrange maternity leave [ ] Doctor visit Weeks 16-20 [ ] Start planning nursery [ ] Look into childcare options [ ] Doctor visit [ ] Standard mid-pregnancy ultrasound [ ] Amniocentesis and triple screen (week 15-18) [ ] Milestone: Find out baby's gender? [ ] Milestone: Hear baby's heartbeat with stethoscope? [ ] Milestone: First baby kick? [ ] Milestone: Belly starting to show? Weeks 20-24 [ ] Start pediatrician interviews [ ] Research and sign up for childbirth classes [ ] Figure out baby shower logistics (date, host, location, guests, etc.) [ ] If banking cord blood, figure out where and order kit [ ] Doctor visit Weeks 24-28 [ ] Update or write about guardianship [ ] If using doula, start interviews [ ] Start childcare interviews [ ] Doctor visit Weeks 28-32 [ ] Start fetal kick counts [ ] Prepare birth plan [ ] Baby shower [ ] Start childbirth class [ ] Doctor visits (two this month) [ ] Milestone: Others feel baby move? Weeks 32-36 [ ] Buy any baby items still needed [ ] Prepare all baby first aid and emergency items [ ] Print and fill out emergency sheets [ ] Get a low-maintenance haircut [ ] Finish painting nursery [ ] Get car seat inspected [ ] Pack hospital bag [ ] Contact local cord blood bank if interested in donating [ ] Find out what screening tests your hospital routinely gives newborns [ ] Speak with doctor about any additional tests you'd like run [ ] Doctor visits (two this month) [ ] Group B strep test (week 35-37) [ ] Milestone: Last day of work (week 35) Weeks 36-delivery [ ] Doctor visits (weekly until delivery) [ ] Non-stress test [ ] Biophysical profile Month 1 [ ] Hepatitis B #1 (birth-two months) [ ] Pediatrician visit (week 2-4) Month 2 [ ] Baby old enough to be accepted at some daycares (week 6) [ ] Meet with manager to discuss work hours and return to projects [ ] Hepatitis B #2 (month 1-4) [ ] Milestone: First day back at work Month 3 [ ] Pediatrician visit [ ] DtaP, Hib, polio, PCV and rotovirus vaccines [ ] Milestone: First smile *We start counting pregnancy from the last menstrual period Is prenatal care important? Prenatal care is very important. You can help make sure that you and your baby will be as healthy as possible by following some simple guidelines and checking in regularly with your doctor. What will happen during prenatal visits? After you find out you are pregnant, you should make an appointment with your doctor. Your first prenatal visit will likely be when you are 6 to 8 weeks pregnant. Your doctor will probably start by talking to you about your medical history and how you've been feeling. You'll be weighed and have your blood pressure taken. These measurements will most likely be taken during each doctor's visit. On your first visit, you'll also have a pelvic exam to check the size and shape of your uterus (womb) and a Pap smear to check for abnormalities of the cervix (the opening of the uterus). Urine and blood tests samples will be taken on the first visit and again at later visits. Other tests are performed, such as urine tests to check for bacteria in your urine, high sugar levels (which can be a sign of diabetes) and high protein levels (which can put you at risk for preeclampsia, a type of high blood pressure during pregnancy). Blood tests to check for low iron levels (anemia), blood cell count, infectious diseases (such as syphilis and hepatitis) and blood type are also performed. Sometimes, an ultrasound may be done to help figure out when your baby is due or to check on your baby's growth and position in your uterus. An ultrasound uses sound waves to create an image of your baby on a video screen. Other tests may be needed if you or your baby are at risk for any problems. How much weight should I gain during pregnancy? It's different for everyone, but most women gain about 25 to 30 pounds. If you don't weigh enough when you get pregnant, you may need to gain more. If you're overweight when you get pregnant, you may need to gain only 15 to 18 pounds. Remember that pregnancy is not the time to diet or deprive yourself! It's best to gain about 2 to 3 pounds during the first 12 weeks and about 1 pound a week after that. Talk to your doctor about how much weight you should gain. What should I eat? One of the most important things you can do for yourself and your baby is eat a balanced diet. There are a few foods that you should be more careful about eating while you are pregnant. Meat, eggs and fish that are not fully cooked could put you at risk for an infection. Do not eat more than 2 or 3 servings of fish per week (including canned fish). Do not eat shark, swordfish, king mackerel or tilefish. These fish sometimes have high levels of mercury, which could hurt your baby. If you eat tuna, make sure it is light tuna and eat no more than 6 ounces per week of albacore tuna and tuna steaks. It is safe to have 12 ounces per week of canned light tuna. Wash all fruit and vegetables. Keep cutting boards and dishes clean. Eat 4 or more servings of dairy foods each day. This will give you enough calcium for you and your baby. Do not drink unpasteurized milk or eat unpasteurized milk products. Soft cheeses such as Brie, feta, Camembert, blue cheese and Mexican-style cheeses such as queso fresco may have bacteria that can cause infections. If you drink coffee or other drinks with caffeine, do not have more than 1 or 2 cups each day. It is okay to use artificial sweeteners such as aspartame (some brand names: Equal, NutraSweet) and sucralose (brand name: Splenda) while you are pregnant, but you should use them in moderation. If you have a genetic disease called phenylketonuria, or PKU, you shouldn't use aspartame at all. Should I take vitamins? You should take 1,000 mcg (1 mg) of folic acid every day during your pregnancy. Folic acid can help prevent problems with your baby's brain and spinal cord. It is best to start taking folic acid before you get pregnant. Your doctor might want you to take a prenatal vitamin. If you do take a prenatal supplement, make sure you're not taking any other vitamin or mineral supplement along with it unless your doctor recommends it. Is it okay to take medicine? Check with your doctor before taking any medicine, including pain relievers or over-the-counter medicines. Even medicine you can buy without a prescription may cause birth defects, especially if it's taken during the first 3 months of pregnancy. How long can I keep working? This depends on if you have any problems with your pregnancy, what kind of work you do and if you're exposed to anything at work that could harm your baby. For instance, lifting heavy objects or standing for long periods can be hard on your body. Radiation, lead and other heavy metals, such as copper and mercury, could be damaging to the baby. However, working in front of a computer screen is not thought to cause harm to an unborn baby. Talk with your doctor about your work environment. What about exercise? Unless you have problems in your pregnancy, you can probably do whatever exercise you did before you got pregnant. Exercise can help ease discomfort during pregnancy. Try to get at least 30 minutes for exercise each day. Talk to your doctor about any special conditions that you may have. Some women say exercising during pregnancy makes labor and delivery easier. Walking and swimming are great choices. If you didn't exercise before pregnancy, start slowly. Don't overdo exercise. Listen to your body. Call your doctor if you have symptoms such as blurred vision, dizziness, chest pain or abdominal pain while you are exercising. Don't get overheated. Be sure to drink plenty of water so that you don't get dehydrated. It's best to avoid anything that could cause you to fall, such as water skiing or rock climbing. It's also best to avoid contact sports such as basketball or soccer. Is it okay to have sex? Yes, unless your doctor believes you're at risk for problems. Don't be surprised if you're less or more interested in sex while you are pregnant. As you get larger, you may find you need to try different positions, such as lying on your side or being on top. If you have oral sex, tell your partner not to blow air into your vagina. This could force air inside you, which could cause an air embolism. Air embolisms can cause permanent brain damage and even death to a pregnant woman and her baby. What can I do to feel better? Here are the most common discomforts of pregnancy and some tips for handling them: Morning sickness. Nausea or vomiting may strike anytime during the day (or night). Try eating frequent, small meals and avoid greasy foods. Keep crackers by your bed to eat before getting up. Talk to your doctor if morning sickness lasts past the first 3 months of pregnancy or causes you to lose weight. Tiredness. Sometimes tiredness in pregnancy is caused by anemia, so tell your doctor. Get enough rest. Take a daytime nap if possible. Leg cramps. Gently stretch the calf of your leg by curling your toes upward, toward your knee. Constipation. Drink plenty of fluids. Eat foods with lots of fiber, such as fruits, vegetables and bran cereal. Don't take laxatives without talking to your doctor first. Stool softeners may be safer than laxatives. Hemorrhoids. Don't strain during bowel movements. Try to avoid becoming constipated. Clean yourself well after a bowel movement (wet wipes may be less irritating than toilet paper). Take several warm soaks (sitz baths) a day if necessary. Urinating more often. You may need to urinate more often as your baby grows because he or she will put pressure on your bladder. This can't be helped. Varicose veins. Avoid clothing that fits tightly around your legs or waist. Rest and put your feet up as much as you can. Move around if you must stand for long periods. Ask your doctor about support or compression hose, which may help ease or prevent varicose veins. Moodiness. Your hormones are on a roller coaster ride during pregnancy. Plus, your life is undergoing a big change. Don't be too hard on yourself. If you feel very sad or think about suicide, talk to your doctor. Heartburn. Eat frequent, small meals. Avoid spicy or greasy foods. Don't lie down right after eating. Ask your doctor about taking antacids. Yeast infections. The amount of discharge from the vagina increases during pregnancy. Yeast infections, which can also cause discharge, are more common during pregnancy. It's a good idea to talk with your doctor about any unusual discharge. Bleeding gums. Brush and floss regularly, and see your dentist for cleanings. Don't put off dental visits because you're pregnant, but be sure to tell your dentist you're pregnant. Stuffy nose. This is related to changes in the levels of the female hormone estrogen. You may also have nosebleeds. Edema (retaining fluid). Rest with your legs up. Lie on your left side while sleeping so blood flows from your legs back to your heart better. Don't use diuretics (water pills). If you're thinking about cutting down on salt to reduce swelling, talk with your doctor first. Your body needs enough salt to maintain the balance of fluid and cutting back on salt may not be the best way to manage your swelling. Skin changes Stretch marks appear as red marks on your skin. Lotion with shea butter can help keep your skin moist and may help reduce the itchiness of dry skin. Stretch marks often can't be prevented, but they often fade after pregnancy. Other skin changes may include darkening of the skin on your face and around your nipples, and a dark line below your belly button. Staying out of the sun or using a sunscreen may help lessen these marks. Most marks will probably fade after pregnancy. Call your doctor if you have: * Blood or fluid coming from your vagina * Sudden or extreme swelling of your face or fingers * Headaches that are severe or won't go away * Nausea and vomiting that won't go away * Dizziness * Dim or blurry vision * Pain or cramps in your lower abdomen * Chills or fever * A change in your baby's movements * Less urine or burning when you urinate * Any illness or infection * Anything that bothers you Warnings "Don't do this, don't do that." You've probably heard every old wives' tale. Here are some warnings worth heeding: * Don't smoke. Smoking raises your risk for miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight and many other problems. * Don't use drugs. Cocaine, heroin, marijuana and other drugs increase your risk of miscarriage, premature birth and birth defects. Your baby could also be born addicted to the drug you've been abusing, which can cause serious health problems. * Don't drink alcohol. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is the major cause of preventible birth defects, including fetal alcohol syndrome. * Don't clean your cat's litter box or eat raw or undercooked red meat. You could get toxoplasmosis, a disease that can cause birth defects. * Don't sit in a sauna or hot tub. The high heat raises your risk of miscarriage and birth defects. * Don't douche. Douching could force air into the vagina, which can cause an air embolism. The vagina doesn't require cleansing in addition to normal bathing. Douching disrupts the helpful bacteria that keep the vagina clean. Do's and Don'ts During Pregnancy DO * Sleep on your side with a pillow between your legs. * Bend your knees (squat) to pick things up from the floor or low places. * Use a step stool to reach high shelves. * Drink plenty of fluids, preferably water. * Take off rings if they get too tight on your fingers. * Sit or stand with your shoulders and back relaxed . * When sitting, keep your feet flat on the floor. * Be aware that your center of gravity and balance point is changing. * Place one foot on a low step stool if you are standing for a long period of time. * Use a desk chair that fits you comfortably and supports your lower back. * Adjust your car seat and steering wheel to accommodate your changing shape. * Wash your hands thoroughly when handling uncooked meat. * Limit caffeine intake and cut out alcohol and tobacco. DON'T * Hold your breath while lifting or lift heavy loads. Check with your health care provider regarding exact weight limitations. * Hunch over your desk. * Sit for periods longer than 30 minutes without taking a stretch break. * Sit with your knees crossed. * Clean kitty's litter box, or do garden work without wearing gloves. * Strain to have a bowel movement. * Fully immerse in a Jacuzzi or hot tub over 99 degrees Fahrenheit. * OVEREXERT! If you become too tired or a little short of breath, LISTEN to your body and rest. Planning Your Maternity Leave As you plan your maternity leave, you may want to ask yourself the following questions: * How long do I want to continue working before the baby is due? * Do I want or need to take time off towards the end of my pregnancy? * Does my job expose me to health hazards or require excessively long hours? * Am I at risk for preterm labor? * After the baby is born, do I plan to return to work? When? * Am I able to adjust my work schedule in terms of working fewer days a week, or fewer hours in the day? Is flex-time or job-sharing an option? * Can I afford to do what I want in terms of my maternity leave? Prenatal Trimester Checklist * Decrease Font Size * Increase Font Size * Send to a Friend * Share o Share / Blog o Digg This o del.icio.us o Newsvine o Facebook o Reddit o Furl It o !Y My Web o Google First trimester (up to 3 months) * Schedule prenatal screening tests (ask about the new cystic fibrosis screening). * Review your physician/midwife obstetric fees, laboratory and special test charges. * Register for a pregnancy class which will answer many of your questions about your pregnancy, including how to cope with the discomforts of pregnancy, nutrition, exercise and your baby's development. Second trimester (3 to 6 months) * Receive the Expanded Alpha Feto-Protein (EAFP) blood tests performed between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy to test for spina bifida, Down syndrome and other birth defects. * Receive the glucose screening test for gestational diabetes. * Receive a Rhogam injection, if advised by your health care provider. * If this is your first baby, it is highly recommended that you enroll in classes that cover preparing for your first baby, understanding preterm labor, childbirth preparation, breastfeeding and newborn parenting. * Complete the hospital pre-admission. * Parents of multiples are encouraged to enroll in a class to help prepare for twins, triplets, or more. * Review your health care coverage for hospitalization, anesthesia and circumcision (if applicable). If you still have questions after consulting with your insurance provider, contact a financial counselor at the facility where you will be delivering. Third trimester (6 to 9 months) * Discuss any third trimester blood tests, GBS screening, blood transfusion options and cord blood banking with your health care provider. * Choose a newborn health care provider before you give birth to your baby. * Make arrangements to tour the facility you will be delivering at. * Install car seat correctly. After your baby arrives * Attend a support group and/or workshops for new parents sponsored by the facility where you delivered or in your community. Support groups for new parents and breastfeeding mothers can be very helpful, especially if you are having a hard time adjusting to the postpartum phase. * If you have questions about breastfeeding, contact a lactation consultant. Frequently Asked Questions About Nutrition and Weight Gain in Pregnancy * Where does the weight go? * Should I eat for two? * I feel sick all the time, and I'm not able to eat much. I'm worried that my baby may not be getting the proper nutrition; what should I do? * Can I safely crash diet if I gain too fast? * If I'm gaining too fast, can I take calcium supplements instead to limit calories? * What should I do if I am gaining too much weight? * Should I drink whole milk to obtain the most nutrients? * I don't like or can't tolerate milk or dairy products. How can I add calcium to my diet? * Are artificial sweeteners OK during pregnancy? * Won't the prenatal vitamins I take supply me with my daily needs? * Do I really need to take a vitamin and mineral supplement? * If vitamins are good for my baby and me, shouldn't I take a lot of them? * I've heard a lot in the news about folic acid. How important is folic acid? * I have a very busy schedule. How will I find the time to eat so often? * This seems like a lot of extra food. How can I possibly eat it all? * When I looked at what I ate one day, I realized that I wasn't coming close to eating what I should. Is this a problem? Where does the weight go? Where does the weight go? Every pound you gain is needed for a specific purpose while your baby is growing inside of you. Your baby accounts for only part of the weight you must gain. Your own body must add blood, muscle, fluids and tissue necessary for your baby�s development. (The weights provided below are recommended as guidelines only.) Increase in Mother's Tissues* Baby's Needs Breast Changes 3 pounds Placenta (afterbirth) 1 pound Blood Volume 4 pounds Baby's weight 7-1/2 pounds Body Fluids 2-1/2 pounds Amniotic Fluid (bag of water) 2 pounds Body Stores 4-8 pounds Uterus (womb) 2-1/2 pounds Weight Gain Range: 22-35 pounds *The amounts noted here are only approximate amounts Please Note Your baby gains the most weight during the last trimester. If you have already gained more than is recommended, it is important to continue eating for your baby. You never want to lose weight while pregnant. Eliminate high calorie foods and pay close attention to portion sizes. Should I eat for two? No.It is a myth that a pregnant woman must eat for two. Your body becomes more efficient during pregnancy and therefore absorbs more nutrients. Although pregnancy increases the body�s need for calories and nutrition, the amounts are NOT doubled. About 300 calories per day are needed above your normal intake during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (500 additional calories a day if you are under 18). You can easily add 300 calories by eating a piece of bread, an ounce of cheddar cheese and drinking an 8 oz. glass of lowfat milk. I feel sick all the time, and I'm not able to eat much. I'm worried that my baby may not be getting the proper nutrition; what should I do? Nausea during the first part of pregnancy is very common. Eat what you can tolerate. This might be only a couple of food items. Be patient, it usually is a temporary condition. Get plenty of fresh air, drink fluids between meals rather than with them, and try eating several small meals a day. Try sucking on a lemon drop before meal time. Many women have found this helpful. Also, sit up for at least 30 minutes after eating. (See section on nausea and vomiting.) Can I safely crash diet if I gain too fast? No. You should never lose weight while pregnant. A severe calorie restriction may harm your baby�s development. Do not go on fad diets or use diet pills. If I'm gaining too fast, can I take calcium supplements instead to limit calories? No. Calcium rich foods provide calcium, as well as a large amount of protein which you could only get by eating more protein-rich foods. Choose nonfat or low-fat dairy products and other low-calorie, calcium-rich foods. What should I do if I am gaining too much weight? Preventing excessive weight gain will help minimize delivery risks and protect your health. To keep within your recommended weight gain: * Eliminate sugars and sweets, which provide lots of calories, but have limited nutritional value. * Limit the amount of fat (such as butter, margarine, mayonnaise, salad dressings, sour cream, sauces and gravies) you add to your foods. * Eat three small meals and three snacks daily at 2 or 3 hour intervals. * For snacks and desserts, choose fresh fruit, raw vegetables and nonfat dairy products instead of sweets. For example, try eating angel food cake, frozen nonfat yogurt or vanilla wafers instead of pound cake, ice cream or cookies. * Select lean protein foods, such as part skim cheeses, plain nonfat or low-fat yogurt, skinless poultry, fish and veal. * Cook foods without oil. Bake, broil, stir-fry, grill or boil foods instead of frying. * Watch the portion size of protein foods eaten for the day. For example, seven servings of protein can be obtained by eating one cooked egg, one 4 oz. hamburger and one chicken thigh. * Limit fruit juices (which are high in calories) to 6oz. per day. Eat whole pieces of fresh fruit instead. * Avoid high fat luncheon meats, such as bologna, salami, spam, sausage, corned beef and hot dogs. Eat turkey, ham, salmon or tuna instead. * Incorporate more activity and exercise into your day. * Be sure to drink at least 8 to10 glasses of water per day. * If you need help planning low-fat meals that you and your family will enjoy, talk to your health care provider about a referral to a prenatal nutritionist. Should I drink whole milk to obtain the most nutrients? No. Nonfat and low fat milk has the same amount of vitamins, minerals and protein, but much less fat calories. Therefore, they are considered better sources of calcium and protein. I don't like or can't tolerate milk or dairy products. How can I add calcium to my diet? You need to look for other good sources of calcium, such as legumes (starchy beans), dark green vegetables, tofu and canned salmon or sardines. Calcium supplements are also an option. 1,200-1,500 mg of calcium is recommended every day during pregnancy. Look for elemental calcium in the form of calcium citrate, lactate or gluconate, as these are best absorbed. Avoid calcium supplements containing bone meal, dolomite, and oyster shells. They may be contaminated with harmful substances like lead, calcium and mercury. Remember, if you take calcium supplements, you will need to eat extra portions of protein-rich foods. Are artificial sweeteners OK during pregnancy? Artificial sweeteners have not been studied enough in human pregnancy to know their health effects on developing babies. Aspartame (NutraSweet, Equal) and Sucralose (Splenda) are okay during pregnancy, but limit regular. Saccharin and Stevia are not recommended. Check the ingredients on low calorie and �light� foods for artificial sweeteners. Won't the prenatal vitamins I take supply me with my daily needs? No. Prenatal vitamins alone do not supply the protein, fiber, minerals and energy (calories) necessary for a healthy pregnancy. Vitamins are considered supplements, not substitutes for a healthy diet. Do I really need to take a vitamin and mineral supplement? It is recommended that all pregnant women in their second and third trimester take a daily iron supplement containing 30 mg of elemental iron. You may not need to take other vitamins and mineral supplements depending upon the quality of your diet. If vitamins are good for my baby and me, shouldn't I take a lot of them? No. Too much of certain vitamins may actually cause harm to you and your growing baby. It is recommended that supplementation with high doses of Vitamins A, C, D, E, and B6 be avoided. Choose a multivitamin supplement with no more than the 100 percent recommended daily allowance (RDA) for each individual mineral and vitamin. I've heard a lot in the news about folic acid. How important is folic acid? If you eat a balanced diet that includes fruits, green vegetables and whole grains, you are probably getting enough folic acid. However, if you have a family history of neural tube defects (such as spina bifida) or have previously given birth to a baby with a neural tube defect, it is recommended that you take 4 grams of folic acid supplements before conception and throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. Check with your health care provider for more information. Folic-rich foods include: * Breakfast cereals (1 serving): 100-400 micrograms folic acid * Asparagus (� cup cooked): 88 micrograms folic acid * Spinach (� cup cooked): 110 micrograms folic acid * Brussel sprouts (� cup cooked): 46 micrograms folic acid * Orange juice (1 cup): 109 micrograms folic acid * Orange (1 medium): 39 micrograms folic acid * Black beans (� cup cooked): 128 micrograms folic acid * Lentils (� cup cooked): 179 micrograms folic acid * Pinto beans (� cup cooked): 147 micrograms folic acid * Sunflower seeds (2 Tbsp.): 40 micrograms folic acid I have a very busy schedule. How will I find the time to eat so often? Planning ahead is necessary and important. A few suggestions for between meal snacks include yogurt and fresh fruit, cheese and crackers, raw vegetables and yogurt dip, a glass of milk and half a sandwich, a baked potato or rice. Keep experimenting. This seems like a lot of extra food. How can I possibly eat it all? Eat small, frequent meals and try combining foods from all the food groups while cooking. Review the suggested portion sizes, as your serving sizes may be larger than those recommended. You may already be eating adequate amounts. When I looked at what I ate one day, I realized that I wasn't coming close to eating what I should. Is this a problem? Because of the varying appetite and tolerance that accompanies pregnancy, it is helpful to evaluate your nutritional intake over the period of a week. It is common to discover that some days are more nutritionally balanced than others. If your diet over the course of a week includes roughly 15 percent protein, 65 percent carbohydrates and 20 percent fat from good nutritional choices, as well as plenty of water, you are doing an excellent job of providing sound nutrition for you and your baby. Common Questions To Ask Your Physician: * Given my current weight, how much weight should I expect to gain? * Given my current fitness level, what exercises should I be doing? * I have previously had a cesarean delivery, is it possible to have a vaginal birth this time? * Given my age and my medical history, what screening test do you suggest that I have? * What sexually transmitted diseases are you testing me for? * When should I start taking prenatal vitamins? * How can I reach you between my visits? * Where can I find a childbirth class? * What hospital will you deliver my baby in? * If you are not available when I deliver my baby who will be your covering physicians? Can I get pregnant the first time I have sex? - Yes, absolutely, most definitely! Every time you have sex you run the risk of getting pregnant. While various birth control methods can decrease your chances there is no 100% effective form of birth control and all are subject to user error. The only way to guarantee you will not get pregnant is to abstain. What is meant by the phrase “unprotected sex?” - The term unprotected sex means sex without protection against pregnancy and/or STDs. It is having sex without using birth control and STD protection. At what age is a guy able to get a girl pregnant? - Sex is not like driving or voting, there is no age at which it can happen. If you are a guy and you are having sex, regardless of your age, you can get a girl pregnant. Age is not a reliable way of determining if a guy is able to get a girl pregnant. At what age do I have to start using birth control when having sex? - Again, this is not a matter of age. If you are sexually active you must use birth control and you should also use some sort of protection against STDs. Not all forms of birth control offer STD protection. If a guy is a virgin can he get me pregnant? - Yes. Male virgins can get a girl pregnant and female virgins can become pregnant the first time they have sex. What is meant by “penetration?” - Penetration refers to the penis being inside the vagina. If a guy ejaculates near my privates but not inside me can I get pregnant? - In theory the answer to this question is yes. Anytime sperm gets anywhere near a girl’s privates she can become pregnant although it is less likely to happen without penetration. Pregnancy is less likely to occur under these circumstances but it is possible. If a guy ejaculates on my underwear/over my clothing can I get pregnant? - In theory the answer to this question is yes. Anytime sperm gets anywhere near a girl’s privates she can become pregnant although it is less likely to happen without penetration. Pregnancy is less likely to occur under these circumstances but it is possible. Clothing is very porous and is not considered a barrier method of birth control. If the girl doesn't have an orgasm can she still get pregnant? - Yes, a female’s orgasm is not a necessary part of becoming pregnant and there is enough sperm in the pre-ejaculatory fluid of males to cause a pregnancy. Can I get pregnant from giving oral sex? - No you cannot get pregnant from giving or receiving oral sex but you can get an STD including HIV/AIDS. Can I get pregnant from receiving oral sex? - No you cannot get pregnant from giving or receiving oral sex but you can get an STD including HIV/AIDS. Is there a position we can have sex in that will guarantee I won’t get pregnant? - No, there is not a safe-sex position. You can get pregnant from every possible sexual position that involves genital-to-genital or genital-near-genital contact. Is it true that you can’t get pregnant if you have sex in water? - No, this is not true. Water is not effective birth control and does not wash away sperm. If I douche right after sex will it prevent pregnancy? - No, douching will not prevent pregnancy and some studies suggest it may actually increase your chances of contracting an STD. If I have sex on my period am I safe from pregnancy? - No, pregnancy can occur during your period. Are two condoms better than one for protection from pregnancy/STDs? http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/menstruation.cfm http://mchb.hrsa.gov/programs/womeninfants/prenatal.htm http://www.babypartner.com/common-questions/faq_index.php?id=654&top=654 |