1.    Direct object

 In the following pattern the complement is called a direct object. 

Subject	Verb	Complement
The _____	hit	the target

 Here are more examples of this pattern.

• The teacher taught the lesson.
• The pilot flew the plane.
• The students asked a question.

 2.    Indirect object and Direct object

 In the following pattern the complement consists of an indirect object and a direct object.  

Subject	Verb	Indirect Object – Direct object
The teacher	gave	the students              the books

 Here are more examples of this pattern.

• The instructor taught the class the lesson.
• The students asked me a question.
• I told him the story.

 3.    Object complement

 After verbs of choosing, judging, appointing, etc. in the active voice, a second noun denoting quality, rank or office is placed in a complementary position to the direct object. (noun or pronoun)

• They considered that activitya waste of time.
• The team chose Joe captain by unanimous vote.
• The President appointed him Ambassador to Great Britain.

 In the passive voice, the noun of rank, quality, or office functions rather like a predicate noun.  See the following example

 

Subject	Verb	Complement
She	was chosen	Miss Universe in 1959

 Other examples:

• He was made full colonel at the end of World War II.
• Mr. Smith was elected chairman of the Board of Plastic Industries Inc.

4. Predicate Adjective

 The complement in the following pattern is known as predicate adjective. 

Subject	Verb	Complement
He	is	sick

 Here are more examples:

• They are nice.
• I am sleepy.
• She is pretty.

 5.  Predicate Noun

The complement in the following pattern is a predicate noun. 

Subject	Verb	Complement
I	am	a student

Other examples are:

• You are a pilot.
• She’s a teacher.
• They are officers.

 6.  Gerund

The complement in the following pattern is a gerund. (Used as object) 

Subject	Verb	Complement
Mr. Jackson	teaches	reading

More examples are:

• I like swimming.
• He teaches flying.
• We prefer staying here.

 Note: See list of verbs followed by the gerund in this construction (here)

 The complement in the following is also a gerund (used as a predicate noun substitute).

 

Subject	Verb	Complement
His Job	is	teaching

 Other examples are:

• His hobby is collecting stamps.
• Their favorite sport was fishing.

 7. Noun Clause

The complement in the following pattern is a noun clause. (used as object) 

Subject	Verb	Complement
He	decided	that he would go.

 Here are more examples:

• They say that they study every night.
• John admitted that he was wrong.
• She thinks that the book is good.

After words like wonder, ask, tell, explain, the noun clauses may begin with interrogatives.

Examples:

• I wonder how you do that.
• He asked when we were leaving.
• He told me where the book was.
• He explained why this method is better than that one.

The complement in the following pattern is also a noun clause (used as predicate noun substitute)

Other examples:

• This is how you do it.
• Here is what you asked for.

 8.    Infinitive

 The complement in the following pattern is an infinitive (used as object).

More examples are:

• He likes to read.
• They plan to go.
• She hates to drive.

Note: See  list of verbs followed by the infinitive in this construction. (here)

The complement in the following is also an infinitive (used as a predicate noun substitute)

Examples:

• His ambition is to fly a jet.
• Hers is to become a nurse.
• Their plan is to leave early.

9.    Adverb

 The complement in the following pattern is an adverb, an adverbial phrase, or an adverbial clause.  

Subject	Verb	Complement
He	spoke	rapidly

More examples:

• She dances beautifully.
• She danced all night long.
• She danced till the sun came up.