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What is an alcohol?
What is Ethanol?
Alcohols - Carboxylic Acids - Esters - Quiz
1. What is the name of the alcohol with two carbon atoms?
Propene
Propane
Propanol
Ethanol
Answer:Ethanol

2. Ethanol can be made by the reaction of ethene with steam.
What is the catalyst for this reaction?
Iron
Magnesium
Phosphoric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Answer:Phosphoric acid

3. How many isomers are there of butanol?
1
2
3
4
Answer: 4

4. What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?
OH
COH
COOH
COOOH
Answer:COOH

5. What carboxylic acid is found in vinegar?
Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Butanoic acid
Citric acid
Answer:Ethanoic acid

6. An ester is
A blue compound
A blue ink
A sweet smelling compound
A red hot element
Answer:A sweet smelling compound

7. The ester formed by reacting ethanoic acid with methanol is
Methyl ethanoate
Ethyl methanoate
Ethyl ethyl ester
Ethyl methyl ester
Answer:

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What is an alcohol?

Alcohols are organic molecules which form an homologous series
 with the general formula CnH2n+1OH.
Alcohols (like hydrocarbons) are named
according to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

 

Methanol, CH3OH, has n=1. Butanol, C4H9OH, has n=4.
Ethanol, C2H5OH, has n=2. Pentanol, C5H11OH, has n=5.
Propanol, C3H7OH, has n=3. Hexanol, C6H13OH, has n=6.

Organic molecules contain carbon. The alkanes and alkenes are examples.
Just as alkanes are identified as saturated hydrocarbons,
and alkenes are identified by their double bond,
so alcohols are identified by having an O–H group in the molecule.

The group which identifies an organic molecule
and gives it its chemical properties is called its functional group.
The O–H group is the functional group for alcohols.

Below are links to the structural formulae of alcohols.
The structural formula is sometimes called the displayed formula.

Methanol        Ethanol

Propanol      Butanol     Pentanol


Cholesterol is a complex steroid which is also an alcohol.
 Cholesterol is an essential substance which is used to make cell membranes.
 Essential means that you can't live without it. 
However, too much cholesterol is bad for people and can cause heart disease.



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Revision Questions

Alcohols including Ethanol

The best way to remember the information in this chapter
is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers
before clicking on the Answer link which will take you to the correct page.

You may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer.
If the answer you have written is not right, change it to the
correct answer by copying down the information from the correct page.

 

Alcohols (See also Ethanol below)
72 What is the General Formula for an Alcohol? Answer
73 What does Homologous mean? Answer
74 What is the Name of the Alcohol containing two Carbon Atoms? Answer
75 What is the Name of the Alcohol containing three Carbon Atoms? Answer
76 What is the Functional Group for Alcohols? Answer
77 Is Cholesterol an Alcohol? Answer
78 Draw the Structural Formula of a Methanol Molecule. Answer
79 Draw the Structural Formula of an Ethanol Molecule. Answer
80 Draw two Isomers of Propanol. Answer
81 What is a Primary Alcohol? Answer
82 What is a Secondary Alcohol? Answer
83 What is a Tertiary Alcohol? Answer
84 What is the Molecular Formula of Butanol? Answer
85 There are four Isomers of Butanol. How many can you draw? Answer
86 What is the Molecular Formula of Pentanol? Answer
87 There are eight Isomers of Pentanol. How many can you draw? Answer
88 Which Gas is produced when Sodium is added to an Alcohol? Answer
89 Write the Balanced Equation for the Reaction between Sodium and Methanol. Answer
90 Write the Balanced Equation for the Reaction between Sodium and Propanol. Answer
91 Write the Balanced Equation for the Combustion of Methanol. Answer
92 Write the Balanced Equation for the Combustion of Propanol. Answer
  See also the Reaction between Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids.  


Alcohols - Ethanol
93 What is the Molecular Formula of Ethanol? Answer
94 Is Ethanol a Hydrocarbon? Answer
95 Is Ethanol acidic, neutral or Alkaline? Answer
96 Write the Balanced Equation for the Reaction between Ethene and Steam. Answer
97 What Catalyst is used for the Reaction between Ethene and Steam? Answer
98 What is a Continuous Process? Answer
99 Write the Word Equation for the Fermentation of Glucose. Answer
100 Why must Fermentation be carried out in the Absence of Air? Answer
101 Why does Fermentation Stop when Alcohol concentration reaches about 10%? Answer
102 What is a Batch Process? Answer
     
  Ethanol can be made by a Batch Process or a Continuous Process.  
103 1. Which Process uses a Renewable Resource? Answer
104 2. Which Process has the Fastest Rate of Reaction? Answer
105 3. Which Process make a Pure Product? Answer
106 4. Which Process does Industry Prefer? Answer
     
107 Give two Uses of Ethanol. Answer
108 Write the Balanced Equation for the Complete Combustion of Ethanol. Answer
109 What is added to Methylated Spirits to make it Poisonous to Drink? Answer
110 Give one Use of Methylated Spirits. Answer
111 Was is the Product of the Dehydration of Ethanol? Answer
112 What Catalyst is used for the Dehydration of Ethanol? Answer
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What is Ethanol?

Ethanol is an alcohol with the molecular formula C2H5OH
 (see also the structural formula).
Ethanol is not a hydrocarbon because the molecule contains oxygen
as well as hydrogen and carbon.

Ethanol is a colourless liquid which boils at 78 °C.
It is completely miscible with water.
This means that it mixes with water in any quantity.
Ethanol is a neutral liquid.

Ethanol can be made by the fermentation of a sugar solution (batch process)
or buy the reaction of ethene with steam
 in the presence of phosphoric acid (continuous process).
A continuous process means that reactants are constantly being put in
 at one end of the reaction vessel and products are
constantly being taken out at the other end of the reaction vessel.

Adding the components of water
 across the double bond of ethene is called the hydration of ethene.
The reaction is carried out at a high temperature and a high pressure.

ethene       +       steam         ethanol
 C2H4(g)      +      H2O(l)         arrow          C2H5OH(l)

See a comparison of the batch process with the continuous process below.

Process Reaction Renewable Resource? Rate of Reaction Product
Batch Process Fermentation Yes - Sugar Cane Slow Ethanol / Water mixture
Continuous Process Hydration of Ethene No - Crude Oil Fast Pure Ethanol

Industry would rather use the continuous process than the batch process
because of the fast production of a pure product. In some countries
it may be more practical to use the batch process - see next page.

Ethanol Uses

http://www.gcsescience.com/o96.htm