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Sentence Openers Adverbial (answers questions such as: Where? Why? How? When? To what degree? Also, conjunctive adverbs such as: nevertheless, therefore, then, see list of subordinating conjunctions) *The following may be categorized under “adverbial” types of openers Conjunctive phrase (on the other hand, as a consequence, indeed) Example: On the other hand, there are many negative consequences…. Prepositional phrase (after, in the morning) Example: After missing the bus, I decided to walk to class. Verbal (participle, gerund, infinitive) Examples: Disillusioned by the lack of public support, the candidate withdrew his bid for political office. Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health. To show his delight at the proposal, Mr. Smith jumped off the stage. Adjectival (answers questions such as: Which one? What kind?) Adjective phrase Examples: Tired and exhausted, the children quietly went to bed. Vibrant, bold, and irrepressible—Zora Neale Hurston took the Harlem literary community by storm. Coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so) Other: Expletives (“it is” “there is” “this is”) Examples: There are many reasons why people enjoy surfing. It is the reason for my project. Absolute phrase (a phrase which usually contains a noun or pronoun and a participle—it modifies the entire sentence rather than a particular word and is usually separated from the rest of the sentence with commas--) Examples: Their sense of mischief awakened, Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer plotted the downfall of the villains. Its blade churning, the huge combine cut its way through the winter wheat. All things considered, it was a good day. |