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Here are further guidelines.

Many types of problems can cause coma. Some examples are:

* Traumatic brain injuries. Brain injuries that result from traffic collisions or acts of violence are the most common cause of comas.

* Stroke. Acute loss of blood flow to the brain followed by swelling or no blood flow to a major part of the brainstem can result in coma.

* Diabetes. Blood sugar levels that get too high (hyperglycemia) and stay too high or get too low (hypoglycemia) and stay too low can cause coma.

* Lack of oxygen. People who have been rescued from drowning or been resuscitated after a heart attack may not awaken due to lack of blood flow and oxygen to the brain.

* Infections. Encephalitis and meningitis are infections that cause inflammation of the brain, spinal cord or the tissues that surround the brain. Severe cases of either of these infections can result in coma.

* Seizures. Ongoing seizures may lead to coma.

* Toxins. Exposure to toxins, such as carbon monoxide or drug overdoses, can cause brain damage and coma.

* Intoxication. Overdosing on drugs, medication or alcohol can result in coma.

A coma may be caused by:

Severe head injury, most commonly from:
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Violence
- Falls
Primary brain disorder
- Brain Tumor and Brain Cancer
- Brain hemorrhage or Stroke
- Brain infection
Lack of oxygen to the brain due to:
- High Blood Pressure
- Very low blood pressure or Shock
- Cardiac Arrest
- Severe Seizure Disorder
Severe general illness:
- Severe bodily infections
- Severe acute liver or Kidney Failure
- High carbon dioxide levels
- Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
- Toxicity from poisons, medication, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism , or Drug Abuse and Drug Addiction
- Abnormal hormone levels, such as from the thyroid or adrenal gland
- Abnormal blood chemistries, such as sodium or calcium
- Very low or very high levels of blood sugar
- Very low or very high body temperatures
- Severe nutrient deficiency
- Liver failure
- Kidney Failure
- Inherited metabolic diseases

What happens in a comatose patient?
How long does it last?