What are all the elements?
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Classification of Elements on the Periodic Table
Elements classified as Metalloids
Elements classified as Alkali Metals
Elements classified as Alkaline Earth
Metals
Elements classified as Transition Metals
Elements
classified as Other Metals
Elements
classified as Non-metals
Elements
classified as Halogens
Elements
classified as Noble Gases
Elements
classified as Rare Earth Elements |
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The Elements |
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The Elements are included in The Elements are the building blocks of Modern Science and Chemistry |
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Lanthanoids * (57-70) Actinoids ** (89-102) What is an atom? What are atoms made of? Atoms are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter. Atoms can join together to form molecules, which in turn form most of the objects around you. Atoms are composed of particles called protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge, electrons carry a negative electrical charge and neutrons carry no electrical charge at all. The protons and neutrons cluster together in the central part of the atom, called the nucleus, and the electrons 'orbit' the nucleus. A particular atom will have the same number of protons and electrons and most atoms have at least as many neutrons as protons. Protons and neutrons are both composed of other particles called quarks and gluons. Protons contain two 'up' quarks and one 'down' quark while neutrons contain one 'up' quark and two 'down' quarks. The gluons are responsible for binding the quarks to one another. What is the simplest way of explaining what atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures are? Atoms are the smallest bits of ordinary matter and are made from particles called protons (which carry a positive electrical charge), neutrons (which carry no electrical charge) and electrons (which carry a negative electrical charge). The protons and neutrons cluster together in the central part of the atom, called the nucleus, and the electrons 'orbit' the nucleus. A particular atom will have the same number of protons and electrons and most atoms have at least as many neutrons as protons. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the element hydrogen is made from atoms containing just one proton and one electron. If you had very, very good eyes and could look at the atoms in a sample of hydrogen, you would notice that most of the atoms have no neutrons, some of them have one neutron and a few of them have two neutrons. These different versions of hydrogen are called isotopes. All isotopes of a particular element have the same number of protons, but can have different numbers of neutrons. If you change the number of protons an atom has, you change the type of element it is. If you change the number of neutrons an atom has, you make an isotope of that element. All known elements are arranged on a chart called the Periodic Table of Elements. A compound is a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined. Some examples of compounds are water (H2O), table salt (NaCl), table sugar (C12H22O11) and chalk (CaCO3). A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components. Some examples of mixtures are a tossed salad, salt water and a mixed bag of M&M's candy. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of the properties and uses of elements. Chemistry is the study of the properties and uses of materials. Chemistry is the study of organic and inorganic substances. Organic substances contain hydrogen combined with carbon; inorganic substances don't. It once was believed that organic compounds were produced exclusively by living things, but scientists today can synthesize many organic materials from inorganic ones. It once was believed that the chemical structure of elements was in the form of boxes or linear, but today these chemical structures are being questioned. Who proposed this chemical structure? How did they reach this type of chemical structure? What did they do to reach to this type of structure? Who verified the findings? It will be in the best interest of industry to focus on elements, their properties, and their uses. Thus, it will be in the best interest of industry to focus on materials, their properties, and their uses. What is an element? How many elements are there? An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the element hydrogen is made from atoms containing a single proton and a single electron. If you change the number of protons an atom has, you change the type of element it is. As of October 16, 2006, scientists know of 117 different elements. Some, like gold, silver, copper and carbon, have been known for thousands of years. Others, such as meitnerium, darmstadtium and ununquadium, have only recently been created by scientists. All known elements are arranged on a chart called the Periodic Table of Elements. Element Groups:
Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Other Metals Metalloids Non-Metals Halogens Noble Gases Rare Earth Elements Atomic Number Atomic Mass Electron Configuration Number of Neutrons Melting Point Boiling Point Date of Discovery Crystal Structure Element Groups: Alkali Metals The Alkali Metals are : * Lithium * Sodium * Potassium * Rubidium * Cesium * Francium Alkaline Earth Metals The Alkaline Earth Metals are : * Beryllium * Magnesium * Calcium * Strontium * Barium * Radium Transition Metals The Transition Metals are: * Scandium * Titanium * Vanadium * Chromium * Manganese * Iron * Cobalt * Nickel * Copper * Zinc * Yttrium * Zirconium * Niobium * Molybdenum * Technetium * Ruthenium * Rhodium * Palladium * Silver * Cadmium * Hafnium * Tantalum * Tungsten * Rhenium * Osmium * Iridium * Platinum * Gold * Mercury * Rutherfordium * Dubnium * Seaborgium * Bohrium * Hassium * Meitnerium * Ununnilium * Unununium * Ununbium Other Metals The "Other Metals" are: * Aluminum * Gallium * Indium * Tin * Thallium * Lead * Bismuth Metalloids The Metalloids are: * Boron * Silicon
Obtained From: Second most abundant element. Found in clay, granite, quartz, sand * Arsenic * Antimony * Tellurium * Polonium Non-Metals The Non-Metal elements are: * Hydrogen * Carbon * Nitrogen * Oxygen * Phosphorus * Sulfur * Selenium Halogens The Halogens are: * Fluorine * Chlorine * Bromine * Iodine * Astatine * Solid- Iodine, Astatine * Liquid- Bromine * Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine Noble Gases * Helium * Neon * Argon * Krypton * Xenon * Radon Rare Earth Elements The Rare Earth Elements are: Lanthanide Series * Lanthanum * Cerium * Praseodymium * Neodymium * Promethium * Samarium * Europium * Gadolinium * Terbium * Dysprosium * Holmium * Erbium * Thulium * Ytterbium * Lutetium Actinide Series * Actinium * Thorium * Protactinium * Uranium * Neptunium * Plutonium * Americium * Curium * Berkelium * Californium * Einsteinium * Fermium * Mendelevium * Nobelium * Lawrencium Aluminum Uses: airplanes, soda cans Obtained From: bauxite Arsenic Uses: Poison, conducts electricity, semiconductors Obtained From: mispickel Beryllium Uses: spacecraft, missiles, aircraft Obtained From: beryl, chrysoberyl Bismuth Uses: pharmaceuticals, fuses Obtained From: bismuthine Carbon Uses: steel, filters Obtained From: burning with insufficient oxygen Cadmium Uses: poisonous, nickel-cadmium batteries Obtained From: by-product of zinc refining Chlorine Uses: Water purification, bleaches Obtained From: Salt Copper Uses: electrical conductor, jewelry, coins, plumbing Obtained From: chalcopyrite, coveline, chalcosine Chromium Uses: Stainless steel Obtained From: Chromite Fluorine Uses: Refrigerants Obtained From: mineral fluorite Iron Uses: steel Obtained From: iron ores Lead Uses: solder and shielding against radiation, batteries Obtained From: galena Nickel Uses: electroplating metal alloys, nickel-cadmium batteries Obtained From: pentlandite Lithium Uses: batteries, ceramics, lubricants Obtained From: passing electric charge through melted lithium chloride, spodumene Manganese Uses: steel, batteries, ceramics Obtained From: pyrolusite, psilomelane, rhodochrosite Mercury Uses: thermometers, barometers, fluorescent lamps, batteries Obtained From: cinnabar ore Phosphorus Uses: fertilizers, detergents Obtained From: phosphate rock Uranium Uses: fuel for nuclear reactors Obtained From: many rocks, large amounts in pitchblende and carnotite Selenium Uses: photoelectric cells, TV cameras Obtained From: refining of lead, copper, nickel Titanium Uses: paint, rubber, paper Obtained From: minerals (ilmenite, rutile) Xenon Uses: powerful lamps, bubble chambers Obtained From: liquid air Zinc Uses: metal coating, rust protection, brass, bronze, nickel Obtained From: zinc blende, calamine |