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Neurology

Neurological Emergencies Neurological Diseases & Disorders A-Z

Neurological Emergencies
When to Go to the ER with Neurological Symptoms

Alteration in Consciousness Fever and Confusion Weakness and Difficulty Breathing Face drooping Weakness Speech difficulty Numbness or paralysis Severe headache Vision problems Confusion Difficulty walking or feeling unsteady Severe pain that begins suddenly Blurred, double vision or loss of vision Slurred speech Sudden, severe headache or prolonged migraine headache Weakness in upper or lower extremities Dizziness Vomiting Confusion or altered mental status Drooping in the face Head injury/trauma Numbness/tingling of the face, arm or leg on one side of the body Seizures without a previous diagnosis of epilepsy Other Call your doctor if you have any of these neurological symptoms: Severe headaches or migraines Chronic lower back or neck pain Seizures or tremors Loss of consciousness Confusion or disorientation Sudden dizziness or loss of balance Memory loss Concussion Coordination or movement problems Chronic insomnia Muscle stiffness, rigid limbs or muscle spasms Muscle weakness or numbness Nausea and/or vomiting Tingling sensations Decrease in sensations Loss of bowel and/or bladder control Blurry or double-vision

Alteration in Consciousness Causes / Differential diagnosis Trauma Illnesses / Metabolic / See coma causes Medications?drugs, alcohol. Psychiatric disorders. Fever and Confusion Causes / Differential diagnosis Meningitis (bacterial, viral) Encephalitis (viral) Cerebral abscess (bacterial, toxoplasma, fungal) Subdural empyema Endocarditis with septic embolic brain infarcts Non-CNS infection with secondary encephalopathy Weakness and Difficulty Breathing Causes / Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis Guillain-Barre syndrome Myasthenic crisis Cervical cord lesion Severe myopathy Sepsis Diagnosis Emergency Neurological diagnoses in the emergency Status Epilepticus Stroke Vegetative state Brainstem failure Coma Infections / Meningitis?Viral?Bacterial?Fungus / Encephalitis Viral Bacterial Usually abscess Myasthenic crisis Guillain Bare Syndrome Spinal cord compression/myelopahy Acute hypertension and ICH Sudden, Severe Headache Intracranial hemorrhage Subtypes are intracerebral bleeds (intraventricular bleeds and intraparenchymal bleeds), subarachnoid bleeds, epidural bleeds, and subdural bleeds. Status Epilepticus Treatment Start Lorazepam1-4 mg iv. Prepare and start Fosphenytoin(Cerebrix) 20 mg PE/Kg IV at a rate of up to 50mg PE/min. If seizures not stopped then give IV 10 more milligrams PE/Kg If seizures not stopped then Keppra 1g IV. If seizures not stopped then Phenobarbital IV 20 mg/Kg (attention to the BP) If seizures not stopped then intubate and start barbituriccoma under EEG monitoring. After the seizures stopped do further diagnosis tests to clarify the etiology of the event.?If possible treat the etiology of the status epilepticus. Stroke Ischemic about 90% Anterior circulation about 80% Posterior circulation about 20% Hemorrhagic about 10% AHC IS LIKE HAVING 7 DISEASES AT ONCE: 1. Paralysis like Stroke 2. Seizures and spells of reduced consciousness like Epilepsy (true epilepsy in >50% of cases) (high risk of SUDEP or rapid severe permanent deterioration) 3. Low muscle tone like Cerebral Palsy (and complications like the inability to breathe and swallow properly) 4. Movement problems like Parkinson’s 5. Behavioral issues like ADHD 6. Learning challenges like Autism 7. Neurodegeneration like Alzheimer’s

Neurological Diseases & Disorders A-Z

Human nervous system disorders
How are human nervous system disorders classified?

Vascular disorders Stroke Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Subarachnoid hemorrhage Subdural hemorrhage and hematoma Extradural hemorrhage

Infections Meningitis Encephalitis Polio Epidural abscess

Structural disorders Brain (Head Injury) Spinal cord injury (Acute Spinal Cord Injury) Bell's palsy Cervical spondylosis, carpal tunnel syndrome Brain or spinal cord tumors Peripheral neuropathy Guillain-Barre syndrome

Functional disorders Headache Epilepsy Dizziness Neuralgia

Degeneration Parkinson's disease Multiple sclerosis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Huntington's chorea Alzheimer's disease

Metabolic encephalopathy Hepatic encephalopathy Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Uremic encephalopathy Toxic encephalopathy Toxic-Metabolic encephalopathy Hypertensive encephalopathy Wernicke's encephalopathy Glycine encephalopathy Neonatal encephalopathy Encephalomyopathy Hypoglycemia Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic crisis Metabolic acidosis Hyponatremia (hypotonic) Hypernatremia Hypercalcemia Sepsis Hashimoto's thyroiditis Acute adrenocortical insufficiency Hypothermia Hyperthermia

Coma Coma

Neurology Research

Last Updated: October 20, 2020