Annotation or definition.
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What is Oil? An oil is any neutral, nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally "fat loving"). Oils have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are usually flammable and slippery. What is the plural of oil? The plural form of oil is oils. What is a Refinery? http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/oilrefineries.html What is the meaning of the word oil? A viscous liquid derived from petroleum, esp. for use as a fuel or lubricant Fuel Products http://www.qureshiuniversity.org/fuelsworld.html Fuel oil Fuel oil or heavy oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. Broadly speaking, fuel oil is any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash point of approximately 40 °C (104 °F) and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners. Diesel Fuel (#2 Fuel Oil) Heavy Oils (#5 & #6 Fuel Oils) Crude Oil Gasoline Kerosene (#1 Fuel Oil) Jet Fuel (JP4 & JP5) LP Gas Jet fuel is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons. Handling Crude Oil Crude oil is a naturally occurring liquid found in formations of the earth. It’s typically extracted by large reciprocating pumps called pump jacks. The crude oil is then refined into fuels such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other fuel oils. Handling Crude Oil Handling Gasoline and Light Fuel Oils Handling #2 & #6 Fuel Oil Handling LP Gas (Propane) http://www.qureshiuniversity.org/fuelsworld.html Types Organic oils Mineral oils Applications Cooking Cosmetics Religion Painting Heat transfer Lubrication Fuel Chemical feedstock Oil Types Type 1: Very Light Oils (Jet Fuels, Gasoline) • Highly volatile (should evaporate within 1-2 days). • High concentrations of toxic (soluble) compounds. • Localized, severe impacts to water column and intertidal resources. • No cleanup possible. Type 2: Light Oils (Diesel, No. 2 Fuel Oil, Light Crudes) • Moderately volatile; will leave residue (up to one-third of spill amount) after a few days. • Moderate concentrations of toxic (soluble) compounds. • Will "oil" intertidal resources with long-term contamination potential. • Cleanup can be very effective. Type 3: Medium Oils (Most Crude Oils) • About one-third will evaporate within 24 hours. • Oil contamination of intertidal areas can be severe and long-term. • Oil impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals can be severe. • Cleanup most effective if conducted quickly. Type 4: Heavy Oils (Heavy Crude Oils, No. 6 Fuel Oil, Bunker C) • Little or no evaporation or dissolution. • Heavy contamination of intertidal areas likely. • Severe impacts to waterfowl and fur-bearing mammals (coating and ingestion). • Long-term contamination of sediments possible. • Weathers very slowly. • Shoreline cleanup difficult under all conditions. Oil Tanker Shipping Routes  Oil Pipelines American Pipeline Routes Asian Pipeline Network Now and in the Future |
Some Different Kinds of Energy
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Energy can be classified as either stored (potential) energy and working (kinetic) energy. All energy can be measured in “Joules”.
Potential Energy = the energy that an object has as the result of its position or state. Some examples of potential energy include: chemical, elastic, gravitational, magnetic… Kinetic Energy = the energy that appears in the form of an object’s motion. KE = 1/2mv2. Some examples of kinetic energy include: sound, electrical, light… Mechanical Energy = kinetic and potential energy (of lifting, bending, stretching or twisting) The equation is: Gravitational Potential Energy = mgh. Mass = m. The acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s2 and h is the distance above the man’s head. Gravitational Potential Energy = Mass x Gravity x Height = 0.1 kg x 9.8 m/s2 x 2 m = 1.96 Joules Thermal Energy = the total energy of the particles that make up a mass. Thermal energy is internal. Heat = is a transfer of energy from one part of a substance to another, or from one object to another, because of a difference in temperature. Heat is a form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules and is capable of being transmitted through solid and fluid media by conduction, through fluid media by convection, and through empty space by radiation. Heat is not contained in a mass; an object contains thermal energy. Light Energy = Sometimes called radiant energy and is visible to the human eye. It is emitted by moving charged particles. Light sometimes behaves like particles, called photons, and at other times like waves. Chemical Energy = The potential energy held in the covalent bonds between atoms in a molecule. Food is essentially stored potential energy. Nuclear Energy = energy that is released when the nuclei of atoms are split (fission) or fused together (fusion). Electrical Energy = energy that runs our appliances etc… The 7 Forms of Energy MRSCHEN Mechanical Energy Radiant (light energy) Sound energy Chemical Energy Food, Fuel, Chemicals, Batteries, Gasoline Heat Fire Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Fission, Fusion Nuclear power plants Sun is an example |
States around the world.
Using Vegetable Oil as Fuel
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What is the Difference between Crude Oil and Vegetable Oil? - Crude oil and vegetable oil are both natural oils, but share very different properties and uses. As a general rule, crude oil refers to oil extracted from the earth, whereas vegetable oil is classed as a food ingredient, used for cooking. - - What is crude oil?- Crude oil is made up of hydrocarbons and is found buried in the upper strata of the Earth’s sedimentary crust. - - How is crude oil formed?- - What is crude oil used for?- Once crude oil has been distilled, it can be used for a variety of fuels, including petroleum, jet fuel, diesel fuel, propane and other heating fuels. Crude oil is also an important component of plastic, some clothing products, home insulation and even fertilizers.- - What is vegetable oil?- Vegetable oil is an oil derived from vegetables or plants, such as corn, olive, sunflower and rapeseed. Vegetable oil consists of fatty acids, including linoleic, palmitic, oleic, etc. Vegetable oil can spoil and turn rancid, which is why anti-oxidants have to be added.- - How do you get vegetable oil?- Generally speaking, the plant or vegetables are crushed to extract the oil. This is typical of olive oil processing. However, if the oil is difficult to extract, the plant or vegetable is dissolved in a solvent. The oil is then extracted through distillation and any impurities are removed. This is the method used to extract sunflower oil. - - What is vegetable oil used for?- Vegetable oil is used in cooking. Different oils have varying nutritional values - the healthiest oils are those with low amounts of hydrogenated fats and more unsaturated fats. Vegetable oils that are partially hydrogenated could contain trans fats, which health experts believe that these can cause problems such as heart disease. Typically healthy vegetable oils include olive, canola and rapeseed oils. Less-healthy vegetable oils include palm kernel, coconut and cottonseed oils. - - Some vegetable oils can also be used as fuels, and are considered to be better for the environment, as they are carbon neutral. |
A partial list of products made from Petroleum (144 of 6000 items)
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What is oil used for? Some of the more obvious petroleum products include transportation fuels, fuel oils for heating and electricity generation, asphalt and road oil. However, petroleum is not just used for fuel. Petroleum products are also used to make various plastics, synthetic materials and chemical products; in fact, petroleum can be found in many common household items. Below are some examples. A partial list of products made from
Petroleum (144 of 6000 items)
Americans consume petroleum products at a rate of three-and-a-half gallons of
oil and more than |