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Solar System
What is the solar system?
What's in our Solar System?
Where does the solar system end?
What is a Planet?
How big is our solar system?
Where can I find information about Earth science?


What is the solar system?

1.Our solar system is made up of the sun and everything that travels around it. This includes eight planets and their natural satellites such as Earth's moon; dwarf planets such as Pluto and Ceres; asteroids; comets and meteoroids
2.The sun is the center of our solar system. It contains almost all of the mass in our solar system and exerts a tremendous gravitational pull on planets and other bodies.
3.Our solar system formed about 4.6 billion years ago.
4.The four planets closest to the Sun - Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars - are called the terrestrial planets because they have solid, rocky surfaces.
5.Two of the outer planets beyond the orbit of Mars - Jupiter and Saturn - are known as gas giants; the more distant Uranus and Neptune are called ice giants.
6.Most of the known dwarf planets exist in an icy zone beyond Neptune called the Kuiper Belt, which is also the point of origin for many comets. 7.Many objects in our solar system have atmospheres, including planets, some dwarf planets and even a couple moons.
8.Our solar system is located in the Orion Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy. There are most likely billions of other solar systems in our galaxy. And there are billions of galaxies in the universe.
8.We measure distances in our solar system by Astronomical Units (AU). One AU is equal to the distance between the sun and the Earth, which is about 150 million km (93 million miles).

It is our Sun and everything that travels around it. Our solar system is elliptical in shape. That means it is shaped like an egg. The Sun is in the center of the solar system. Our solar system is always in motion. Eight known planets and their moons, along with comets, asteroids, and other space objects orbit the Sun. The Sun is the biggest object in our solar system. It contains more than 99% of the solar system's mass. Astronomers think the solar system is more than 4 billion years old.

Astronomers are now finding new objects far, far from the Sun which they call dwarf planets. Pluto, which was once called a planet, is now called a dwarf planet.

The Solar System

1.What two elements is the universe made primarily of?
Carbon and nitrogen
Hydrogen and helium
Iron and nickel
Silicon and oxygen

2.What is the correct order of the planets in the Solar System, starting closest to the Sun?
Mars, Mercury, Earth, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
Mercury, Mars, Earth, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Pluto
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

3.What is thought to be the age of the nine planets relative to each other?
The inner planets formed together first and then the outer planets formed together later
The outer planets formed together first and then the inner planets formed together later
They all formed at roughly the same time
They formed sequentially from Pluto inward with the one nearest the sun formed last
They formed sequentially from the sun outward with Pluto formed last

4.Why does the moon have more craters than the earth?
Craters develop much better on smaller planetary bodies
The moon captured most asteroids before they could strike the earth
The moon has a stronger gravitational attraction than the earth
The moon has little tectonics or weathering to obliterate craters
The moon is much older than the earth

5.What elements are the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn primarily composed of?
Argon and krypton
Hydrogen and helium
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide
Nitrogen and methane
Nitrogen and oxygen

6.Where did the heavy elements that make up the bulk of the earth originate?
In a supernova
In meteorites
In the Big Bang
In the earth itself
In the sun

7.What are the lunar maria made of?
Basalt
Breccia
Granite
Salt
Water

8.Which planet is closest in size to the earth?
Mars
Mercury
Neptune
Uranus
Venus

9.Which planet besides the earth has evidence of erosion by running water?
Mars
Mercury
Neptune
Uranus
Venus

10.Which planet has a runaway greenhouse effect?
Mars
Mercury
Neptune
Uranus
Venus

11.Which planet has virtually no atmosphere?
Mars
Mercury
Neptune
Uranus
Venus

12.What is the largest planet in the solar system?
Earth
Jupiter
Mars
Neptune
Saturn

13.Which of the following planets is not a gas giant?
Jupiter
Neptune
Pluto
Saturn
Uranus

14.Which planet has the most extensive ring structure?
Jupiter
Neptune
Pluto
Saturn
Uranus

15.What is Io?
A comet
A moon of Jupiter
A protoplanet
An asteroid
The nearest star

16.What speed is needed for a gas molecule to escape from a planet?
Escape velocity
Orbital speed
Solar wind speed
Speed of light
Speed of sound

17.What are comets mostly made of?
Ammonia
Hydrogen
Ice
Iron
Rock

18.What is the glowing head of a comet called?
Coma
Crater
Head
Maria
Nova

The Solar System
The Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
The Moon
Mars
Asteroids
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Comets
Plate Tectonics
Purpose: To explain the seasons of the year and the phases of the moon. Students often have many misconceptions about Earth's motion in space, the phases of the moon, and the causes of seasonal changes.

1. What causes night and day?
2. What causes the seasons?
3. Why are the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere opposite to those in the Northern Hemisphere?
4. Why are the days longer in the summer than in winter?
5. What causes the apparent changes in the sun’s position during the year?
6. Why does the moon go through phases?
7. Why does the moon rise a little later each day?
8. What causes the tides?
9. What causes lunar eclipses?
10. What causes solar eclipses?
11. What causes the difference between a sidereal day and a solar day?
12. What causes the difference between the sidereal period and the synodic period?
13. What is space?
14. Where does space begin?
15. How big is the universe?
16. Will the universe ever end?
17. Why does the moon shine?
18. How many stars can you see at night?
19. Why do some stars twinkle?

20. What would happen to the planets if the Sun suddenly wasn't there?
21. What is the moon's mass and density? Also how was it named, and what's it's gravity?
22. Is it possible for the new planet that we discovered, outside of Pluto's orbit, to be part of a space ripple sending a new galaxy to collide with ours?
23. How did the universe begin?
24. What color is each planet?
25. Is the Moon moving away from the Earth?
26. How far is each planet from Earth?
27. How do you measure the distance between Earth and the Sun?
28. How many stars are there in our Galaxy (Milky Way)?
29. What is the largest star?
30. Do all objects in the universe exert force on all other objects?
31. Do the orbits of any of our planets change, or do the planets always follow the same paths?
32. Are the planets in our solar system likely to be destroyed when the sun finally burns out, and will they be destroyed by a nuclear explosion or just drift off without the sun's gravitational pull?
Discussion Questions

What are longitude and latitude?
What is latitude and longitude used for?

1.The measure of how far north or south a place is from the equator is

Latitude
Longitude
Prime Meridian

2. The measure of how far east or west of the Prime Meridian a place is located is

Latitude
Longitude
Equator

3.The latitude line at 0 degrees latitude is

The equator
The Prime Meridian
The Tropic of Cancer

4. The line at 0 degrees longitude is

The equator
The Prime Meridian
The Tropic of Capricorn

5. How far a location is from the equator effects

The time zone the place is in
The climate of the area
When it is day and when it is night

6. The longitude of a place or how far it is from the Prime Meridian effects

The time zone a place is in
How much rainfall a place receives
The climate of the area

7. The closer to the equator a place is

The colder it is
The hotter it is

8. Latitude and longitude are measured in

Degrees
Pounds
Acres