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Syllabus for Textile Engineering and Fibre
Science (TF) ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors. Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Fourier series. Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems. Diferential Equations: Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs –Laplace, heat and wave equations. Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis. Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations. TEXTILE ENGINEERING AND FIBRE SCIENCE Textile Fibres: Classification of textile fibres; Essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; Gross and fine structure of natural fibres like cotton, wool and silk. Introduction to important bastfibres; properties and uses of natural and man-made fibres; physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend identification and blend analysis. Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystallization, melting, factors affecting Tg and Tm; Process of viscose and acetate preparation. Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene; Melt Spinning processes, characteristic features of PET, polyamide and polypropylene spinning; wet and dry spinning of viscose and acrylic fibres; post spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting, tow-to-top conversion and different texturing methods. Methods of investigating fibre structure e.g., Density, X-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and electron microscopy, I.R. absorption, thermal methods (DSC, DMA/TMA, TGA); structure and morphology ofman-made fibres, mechanical properties of fibres, moisture sorption in fibres; fibre structure and property correlation. Yarn manufacture and yarn structure & properties: Principles of opening, cleaning and mixing/blending of fibrous materials, working principle of modern opening and cleaning equipments; the technology of carding, carding of cotton and synthetic fibres; Drafting operation, roller and apron drafting principle, causes of mass irregularity introduced by drafting; roller arrangements in drafting systems; principles of cotton combing, combing cycle, mechanism and function, combing efficiency, lap preparation; recent developments in comber; Roving production, mechanism of bobbin building, roving twist; Principle of ring spinning, forces acting on yarn and traveler; ring & traveler designs; mechanism of cop formation, causes of end breakages; working principle of ring doubler and two for one twister, single and folded yarn twist, properties of double yarns, production of core spun yarn, compact spinning, principle of non conventional methods of yarn production such as rotor spinning, air jet spinning, wrap spinning, twist less spinning and friction spinning. Yarn contraction, yarn diameter, specific volume & packing coefficient; twist strength relationship in spun yarns; fibre configuration and orientation in yarn; cause of fibre migration and its estimation, irregularity index, properties of ring, rotor and air-jet yarns. Fabric manufacture and Fabric Structure: Principles of cheese and cone winding processes and machines; random and precision winding; package faults and their remedies; yarn clearers and tensioners; different systems of yarn splicing; features of modern cone winding machines; different types of warping creels; features of modern beam and sectional warping machines; different sizing systems, sizing of spun and filament yarns, modern sizing machines; principles of pirn winding processes and machines; primary and secondary motions of loom, effect of their settings and timings on fabric formation, fabric appearance and weaving performance; dobby and jacquard shedding; mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; warp and weft stop motions, warp protection, weft replenishment; functional principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines, principles of multiphase and circular looms. Principles of weft and warp knitting; basic weft and warp knitted structures. Classification, production and areas of application of nonwoven fabrics.Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives; crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth constructions. Peirce’s equations for fabric geometry; elastica model of plain woven fabrics; thickness, cover and maximum sett of woven fabrics. Textile Testing: Sampling techniques, sample size and sampling errors. Measurement of fibre length, fineness, crimp, strength and reflectance; measurement of cotton fibre maturity and trash content; HVI and AFIS for fibre testing. Measurement of yarn count, twist and hairiness; tensile testing of fibres, yarns and fabrics; evenness testing of slivers, rovings and yarns; testing equipment for measurement test methods of fabric properties like thickness, compressibility, air permeability, drape, crease recovery, tear strength, bursting strength and abrasion resistance. FAST and Kawabata instruments and systems for objective fabric evaluation.Statistical data analysis of experimental results.Correlation analysis, significance tests and analysis of variance; frequency distributions and control charts. Preparatory Processes: Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk. Mercerization of cotton.Preparatory processes for nylon, polyester and acrylic and polyester/cotton blends. Dyeing: Classification of dyes. Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate dye classes. Dyeing polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends. Batchwise and continuous dyeing machines. Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics and machines used. Dye fibre interaction. Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing.Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness.Evaluation of fastness properties with the help of grey scale. Printing: Styles of printing. Printing thickeners including synthetic thickeners. Printing auxiliaries. Printing of cotton with reactive dyes. Printing of wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes. Printing of polyester with disperse dyes. Methods of dye fixation after printing. Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester. Printing of polyester/cotton blends with disperse/reactive combination. Transfer printing of polyester. Developments in inkjet printing. Finishing: Mechanical finishing of cotton. Stiff. Soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton.Milling, decatizing and shrink resistant finishing of wool.Antistat finishing of synthetic fibre fabrics. Heat setting of polyester. Energy Conservation: Minimum application techniques. Pollution: Environment pollution during chemical processing of textiles. Treatment of textile effluents. Q. 1 – Q. 25 carry one mark each. Q.1 The fibre that contains nitrogen and sulfur is (A) Polyester (B) Wool (C) Nylon 6 (D) Kevlar Q.2 Condensation polymerization is not used to produce (A) Polyester (B) Nylon 6 (C) Nylon 66 (D) Polypropylene Q.3 Wet spinning technique is commercially used to produce filament yarn of (A) Polypropylene (B) Polyester (C) Nylon 66 (D) Acrylic Q.4 The fibre that dissolves in 59% (w/w) sulfuric acid solution is (A) Wool (B) Polypropylene (C) Cotton (D) Viscose Q.5 Surface features of a fibre can be obtained by (A) Transmission electron microscope (B) Scanning electron microscope (C) Small angle X-ray diffractometer (D) Sonic modulus tester Q.6 Birefringence of filament yarn is related to its (A) Crystallinity (B) Orientation (C) Individual filament denier (D) Density Q.7 A machine that does not improve the mass evenness is (A) Drawframe (B) Ring doubler (C) Speedframe (D) Ribbon lap Q.8 Fibre individualization in a card will increase by increasing (A) Licker-in to cylinder setting (B) Doffer speed (C) Licker-in speed (D) Cylinder speed Q.9 Softer cots on drafting rollers result in (A) An increase in drafting wave (B) Less fibre slippage at roller nip (C) Change in draft (D) Reduced roller lapping Q.10 Compared to the spinning of finer cotton yarns, the preferred rotor diameter for the production of very coarse cotton yarns would (A) Be higher (B) Be lower (C) Remain the same (D) Change depending on fibre strength 2013 TEXTILE ENGG. & FIBRE SCIENCE – TF TF 5/12 Q.11 Amongst the following, the suitable technology for producing core spun yarn is (A) Air vortex spinning (B) Rotor spinning (C) Friction spinning (D) Air-jet spinning Q.12 Increase in taper angle on sectional warping drum will normally require (A) Higher warping speed (B) Lower warping speed (C) Increase in traverse speed (D) Decease in traverse speed Q.13 Increase in the ratio of the length of crank to the length of connecting rod leads to (A) Increase in sley eccentricity (B) Decrease in sley eccentricity (C) No change in sley eccentricity (D) Initial increase and then decrease in sley eccentricity Q.14 Shuttle remains on the race board during its flight in the shed because of (A) Forward positive acceleration of the sley (B) Backward positive acceleration of the sley (C) Constant forward velocity (D) Constant backward velocity Q.15 In weft knitted fabrics of the same mass per unit area produced from the same yarns, the structure which will give the highest thickness is (A) Plain (B) Rib (C) Purl (D) Interlock Q.16 The nonwoven process which has the highest production rate is (A) Needle punching (B) Hydroentangling (C) Melt blowing (D) Spunbonding Q.17 During bleaching of cotton with H2O2, the stabilizer used is (A) Sodium hydroxide (B) Sodium silicate (C) Acetic acid (D) Sodium carbonate Q.18 The highest washing fastness in a dyed cotton fabric would be obtained if the dye-fibre bond is (A) Ionic (B) Hydrogen (C) Covalent (D) Van der Waal's force Q.19 Disperse dye cannot generally be fixed on polyester by (A) Superheated steam at180oC (B) Saturated steam at 130oC (C) Dry heat at 200oC (D) Saturated steam at 100oC Q.20 Crease resist finishing of cotton fabric does not lead to (A) Reduction in tensile strength (B) Increase in dimensional stability (C) Increase in moisture regain (D) Increase in bending length 2013 TEXTILE ENGG. & FIBRE SCIENCE – TF TF 6/12 Q.21 Two yarn samples have standard deviation of strength s1 and s 2. If s1 < s2, the 'F' ratio would be (A) s1 / s2 (B) s2 / s1 (C) s1 2 / s2 2 (D) s2 2 / s1 2 Q.22 Nep count in a cotton fibre sample is measured by (A) AFIS (B) HVI (C) Uster tester (D) Stelometer Q.23 In a given woven fabric the extension at break in weft direction is higher than that in warp direction. During bursting strength test, the threads that will always break first are (A) Warp (B) Weft (C) Both warp and weft simultaneously (D) Those with lower strength Q.24 CSP of yarn is equal to the product of (A) Yarn tex and lea strength (N) (B) Yarn count (Ne) and lea strength (lbf) (C) Yarn tex and lea strength (lbf) (D) Yarn count (Ne) and lea strength (kgf) Questions Q.25 to Q.32 are numerical answer type. The answer to each of these questions is either a positive whole number, or a positive real number with maximum of 2 decimal places. Q. 26 to Q. 55 carry two marks each. Q.26 A market survey by a garment manufacturing company revealed that the chest width of their target customers had normal distribution with a mean of 54 cm. If 18% of customers surveyed have chest width greater than 58 cm and 75% of customers surveyed have chest width greater than 52 cm, the percentage of customers having chest width between 56 cm and 58 cm is ________. Q.27 The relationship between load (y) in N and elongation (x) in mm of a cotton fabric is y ?? v?? . If the breaking elongation of the fabric is 9 mm, the work of rupture, in N.mm, is________. Q.28 On twisting, the denier of a multifilament yarn consisting of 300 filaments of 3 denier each becomes 1100. If 11 km of untwisted filament yarn is twisted, its length in km will be __________. Q.29 A loom is producing 2 m wide grey fabric with 8% weft crimp. Assuming that the loom is running at 570 rpm with 90% efficiency, the weft consumption in kg/hr of 30 tex yarn will be _______. Q.30 The strength of 100 g/m2 fabric obtained by testing 4 cm wide strip is 0.4 kN. The tenacity (cN/tex) of the fabric is ______. Q.31 Out of 100 textile companies, 10 companies are involved in spinning, weaving and chemical processing, 25 companies are involved in spinning and chemical processing, and 30 companies are involved in weaving and chemical processing. If 65 companies are involved in chemical processing, the number of companies involved ONLY in chemical processing is_______. Q.25 If the moisture regain of a fibre is 10%, its moisture content (%) is _______ . 2013 TEXTILE ENGG. & FIBRE SCIENCE – TF TF 7/12 Q.32 In a card the probability of fibre transfer from cylinder to doffer in one revolution of cylinder is 0.2. The probability that a particular fibre will be transferred to the doffer within the first three revolutions of cylinder is _______. Questions Q.33 to Q.55 are multiple choice type. Q.33 The particular integral of 2 2 dx d y + 5 dx dy ?? 6?? ?? ?????? is (A) ?????? ??20 (B) ?????? ??12 (C) 2?????? (D) 4?????? Q.34 The inverse of the matrix ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? is (A) ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?? (B) ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? (C) ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? (D) ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? Q.35 Consider the following assertion [a] and reason [r] and choose the most appropriate answer [a] Nylon 6 is polymerized using only single monomer caprolactum [r] Synthesis of Nylon 6 is basically an addition polymerization (A) [a] is right [r] is wrong (B) [a] is right [r] is right (C) [a] is wrong [r] is wrong (D) [a] is wrong [r] is right Q.36 Consider the following assertion [a] and reason [r] and choose the most appropriate answer [a] Sodium cellulose xanthate formation is an essential unit operation in the production of viscose rayon [r] It helps to reduce the degree of polymerization of cellulose (A) [a] is right [r] is wrong (B) [a] is right [r] is right (C) [a] is wrong [r] is wrong (D) [a] is wrong [r] is right Q.37 Consider the following assertion [a] and reason [r] and choose the most appropriate answer [a] In false-twist friction texturing, the ratio of input to output tension is kept close to one [r] Broken filaments and tight spots are within the acceptable limits at this condition (A) [a] is right [r] is wrong (B) [a] is right [r] is right (C) [a] is wrong [r] is wrong (D) [a] is wrong [r] is right 2013 TEXTILE ENGG. & FIBRE SCIENCE – TF TF 8/12 Q.38 Consider the following assertion [a] and reason [r] and choose the most appropriate answer [a] Heat setting increases the dimensional stability of synthetic fabrics [r] The free energy reduces as a result of heating (A) [a] is right [r] is wrong (B) [a] is right [r] is right (C) [a] is wrong [r] is wrong (D) [a] is wrong [r] is right Q.39 The advantage of flyer leading over bobbin leading speed-frame is (A) Lower roving stretch (B) Lesser chance of unwinding after breakage (C) Lower power requirement (D) Power requirement remains fairly constant during the bobbin build up Q.40 The daily production of a mill is 1200 kg of 30 tex and 1200 kg of 20 tex yarns. The average yarn tex produced by this mill is (A) 23 (B) 24 (C) 25 (D) 26 Q.41 A square plain jammed woven fabric of 0.5 mm thickness is to be produced from polyester yarns. Assuming circular yarn cross-section, the number of picks per cm in the fabric on the loom is approximately (A) 13 (B) 18 (C) 23 (D) 28 Q.42 On a winding machine, if the winding speed is increased from 1000 m/min to 1200 m/min, the percentage increase in the yarn tension will be approximately (A) 12 (B) 24 (C) 36 (D) 44 Q.43 Choose the correct alternative from amongst A, B, C and D Mercerization of cotton results in P Increase in tensile strength Q Increase in dye uptake R Modification of crystal structure S Decrease in moisture regain (A) P,Q,R (B) Q,R,S (C) P,S,R (D) P,Q,S Q.44 In the case of reactive dyeing of cotton, the exhaustion is 70% and reaction efficiency is 80%. Assuming that the initial dye concentration is 2% on the weight of fabric, the amount of unreacted dye on the fabric expressed as a percentage of fabric weight would be (A) 0.14 (B) 0.28 (C) 0.35 (D) 0.42 Q.45 Consider the following assertion [a] and reason [r] and choose the most appropriate answer [a] Controlled reduction treatments are commercially used for shrink resist finishing of wool [r] Reduction disrupts the disulphide bonds, which are responsible for wool shrinkage (A) [a] is right [r] is wrong (B) [a] is right [r] is right (C) [a] is wrong [r] is wrong (D) [a] is wrong [r] is right 2013 TEXTILE ENGG. & FIBRE SCIENCE – TF TF 9/12 Q.46 The principle which cannot be used to measure hairiness of yarn is (A) Light scattering (B) Image analysis (C) Photoelectric (D) Capacitance Q.47 The abrasion cycles on a flat abrasion tester increase with an increase in (A) Pressure applied during abrasion (B) Speed of abrasion (C) Area of abraded surface (D) Specimen tension during abrasion Common Data Questions Common Data for Questions 48 and 49: A winding machine without anti-patterning device has the following particulars: Cylindrical winding drum diameter : 75 mm Number of crossing on drum : 2 2 1 Rotational speed of the drum : 2860 rev/min Traverse length : 150 mm A 3.5 degree constant taper cone is built on the above cone winder with no movement of the point of drive during the package build up. At mean cone diameter of 150 mm the package rev/min is 1375. Q.48 The number of times major patterning will occur in producing 200 mm mean diameter package on 40 mm mean diameter core is (A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 11 Q.49 Distance in mm of point of drive from the base of the cone along the traverse is approximately (A) 26 (B) 30 (C) 36 (D) 40 Common Data for Questions 50 and 51: Consider the following particulars for a spinning line producing 30 tex yarn from 150 militex polyester fibre. Mass CV of card sliver : 3% Mass CV added at draw-frame : 2% Mass CV added at speed-frame : 3% Mass CV added at ring-frame : 7% Number of doubling at draw-frame : 6 Number of draw-frame passage : 1 Q.50 The mass CV% of roving is approximately (A) 3.4 (B) 3.8 (C) 4.2 (D) 4.6 Q.51 Index of irregularity of yarn is approximately (A) 0.88 (B) 1.13 (C) 1.33 (D) 1.53 2013 TEXTILE ENGG. & FIBRE SCIENCE – TF TF 10/12 Linked Answer Questions Linked Answer Questions 52 and 53: The angle subtended by the half-lap on the cylinder comb is 90o. The time taken by the half-lap to comb a fringe is 0.04 s. Q.52 The speed of the comber in nips/min is (A) 325 (B) 350 (C) 375 (D) 400 Q.53 From the following data, calculate approximate production rate in kg/hr Length of lap fed per nip : 6 mm Lap linear density : 60 ktex Noil : 20% Efficiency : 80% Number of heads : 6 (A) 21 (B) 26 (C) 31 (D) 36 Linked Answer Questions 54 and 55: Viscose fabric is to be resin finished with DMDHEU by pad-dry-cure method. Assume that Mass of fabric per unit area : 200 g/m2 Width of fabric : 100 cm Speed of the machine : 50 m/min Concentration of pad liquor : 100 g/l Wet pick up : 100% Specific gravity of padding liquor : 1.0 Molecular weight of anhydroglucose unit : 162 Q.54 The resin add-on after padding in kg per kg of fabric will be (A) 0.1 (B) 0.2 (C) 0.3 (D) 0.4 Q.55 Assuming that the reaction takes place in amorphous region only and that the fabric crystallinity is 33%, the number of cross links formed per anhydroglucose unit after curing would be approximately (A) 0.07 (B) 0.14 (C) 0.28 (D) 0.35 2013 TEXTILE ENGG. & FIBRE SCIENCE – TF TF 11/12 General Aptitude (GA) Questions Q. 56 – Q. 60 carry one mark each. Q.56 A number is as much greater than 75 as it is smaller than 117. The number is: (A) 91 (B) 93 (C) 89 (D) 96 Q.57 The professor ordered to the students to go out of the class. I II III IV Which of the above underlined parts of the sentence is grammatically incorrect? (A) I (B) II (C) III (D) IV Q.58 Which of the following options is the closest in meaning to the word given below: Primeval (A) Modern (B) Historic (C) Primitive (D) Antique Q.59 Friendship, no matter how _________it is, has its limitations. (A) cordial (B) intimate (C) secret (D) pleasant Q.60 Select the pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the pair: Medicine: Health (A) Science: Experiment (B) Wealth: Peace (C) Education: Knowledge (D) Money: Happiness Q. 61 to Q. 65 carry two marks each. Q.61 X and Y are two positive real numbers such that 2?? ?? ?? ?? 6 and ?? ?? 2?? ?? 8. For which of the following values of ????, ???? the function ??????, ???? ?? 3?? ?? 6?? will give maximum value? (A) (4/3, 10/3) (B) (8/3, 20/3) (C) (8/3, 10/3) (D) (4/3, 20/3) Q.62 If |4?? ?? 7| ?? 5 then the values of 2 |??| ?? | ?? ??| is: (A) 2, 1/3 (B) 1/2, 3 (C) 3/2, 9 (D) 2/3, 9 2013 TEXTILE ENGG. & FIBRE SCIENCE – TF TF 12/12 Q.63 Following table provides figures (in rupees) on annual expenditure of a firm for two years - 2010 and 2011. Category 2010 2011 Raw material 5200 6240 Power & fuel 7000 9450 Salary & wages 9000 12600 Plant & machinery 20000 25000 Advertising 15000 19500 Research & Development 22000 26400 In 2011, which of the following two categories have registered increase by same percentage? (A) Raw material and Salary & wages (B) Salary & wages and Advertising (C) Power & fuel and Advertising (D) Raw material and Research & Development |