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What do we use water for? What is water conservation? Why is water conservation important? What is water management? What approaches will help in carrying our a water conservation plan? What are some of the ways to conserve water in daily life? Is there any regulation related to water use in households? How much water can you save? How Many Gallons Can You Save? What Else is Water Used For? How much water do you use each day? How much can you save? How did we calculate the efficient use? |
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Uses of Water
What do we use water for? People use water for many things. In fact, we can't live without water! Most importantly, we need to drink water. We wash our bodies with water. We bath our pets in water. We clean things with water. We cook with water. We water our gardens and farms. Plants are living things so they need water or they will dry out and die. Some our food lives in water. Water is where many fish and other water creatures live. Plants such as seaweed grow under the water. We use water to cool ourselves. We swim and play in water. We use water for recreation - people ride water skis and jet skis, and sail or drive boats of all kinds. Divers go under the sea. We use water as transport for people and things to go from place to place across oceans or along a river. Many animals and birds depend on wetlands for survival. Living things need water or they dry out and die. To cook: when our parents are cooking, they sometimes use water. To clean: we use water to clean our houses, to brush our teeth, to wash our hands, to flush the toilet. We use water in agriculture and in cattle industry. To produce electricity. Factories need water. As an habitat: many animals and plants live in water. For fun: do you like swimming? And skiing? And what about surfing? As you already know, to practice all these sports, you need water. Other Water is used in a number of ways that you would never expect. From automobile tires to hamburgers, water is essential in the production of many everyday items. Here are just a few examples, as well as some other water-related trivia. What is water conservation? Water conservation means using our water wisely and caring for it properly. Preservation and protection of our water resources and reduced and wise use of the same is termed as water conservation. Why is water conservation important? The need for water conservation has become more important than ever. Depletion and impairment of water resources has resulted from the irresponsible attitude, over usage. Even though most of the earth is covered with water, the usable water is only limited to a small percentage of the total water. These are reasons enough to change our attitude and get involved in the conservation of water in every small or big way possible. What is water management? The study, planning, monitoring and application of quantitative and qualitative control and development techniques for long-term, multiple use of the diverse forms of water resources. What approaches will help in carrying our a water conservation plan? Education, management and regulation are three broad topics that cover all the approaches that can be undertaken for a successful water conservation plan. Education is needed to educate the public and the experts who will carry out the plan. Management involves good stewardship, monitoring, and measurement of water quality, on a timely basis. Regulation is needed to set the standards that assist in maintaining healthy, aesthetic, and balanced quality of water. What are some of the ways to conserve water in daily life? How much water can you save? How Many Gallons Can You Save? Believe it or not water can be saved or conserved by evaluating and making some changes in our life around. Some examples are mentioned below: Repair leaking faucets and other water outlets Do not let the faucets running when you are not using the running water Install low pressure shower heads and toilets Take shorter showers Operate washers and dishwashers when they are full to the optimum load Take shorter showers: Reduce your shower by 1 – 2 minutes and save 5 gallons! Turn water off while brushing your teeth: Save 3 gallons! Fix leaky faucets: Save up to 20 gallons/day! Wash a full load of laundry: Save 15 – 50 gallons per load! Broom instead of Hose: You can save as much as 100 gallons of water by cleaning your driveway by sweeping instead of using the hose . Water your lawn only when it needs it. Step on your grass. If it springs back, when you lift your foot, it doesn't need water. So set your sprinklers for more days in between watering. Saves 750-1,500 gallons per month. Better yet, especially in times of drought, water with a hose. And best of all, convert your lawn to native plants. Fix leaky faucets and plumbing joints. Saves 20 gallons per day for every leak stopped. Turn off the water while shaving. Fill the bottom of the sink with a few inches of water to rinse your razor. Saves three gallons each day. Install water-saving shower heads or flow restrictors. Saves 500 to 800 gallons per month. Run only full loads in the washing machine and dishwasher. Saves 300 to 800 gallons per month. Don't defrost frozen foods with running water. Either plan ahead by placing frozen items in the refrigerator overnight or defrost them in the microwave. Saves 50 to 150 gallons a month. Shorten your showers. Even a one or two minute reduction can save up to 700 gallons per month. Don't use your toilet as an ashtray or wastebasket. Saves 400 to 600 gallons per month. Turn off the water while brushing your teeth. Saves three gallons each day. When washing dishes by hand, use the least amount of detergent possible. This minimizes rinse water needed. Saves 50 to 150 gallons a month. Keep a bottle of drinking water in the refrigerator. This beats running tap water to cool it for drinking. Saves 200 to 300 gallons a month. Use the garbage disposal less and the garbage more (even better--compost!). Saves 50 to 150 gallons a month. Set lawn mower blades one notch higher. Longer grass means less evaporation. Saves 500 to 1,500 gallons each month. When taking your car to a car wash--a good idea for saving water--be sure it's one of the many that recycles its wash water. What Else is Water Used For? Water is an essential ingredient in most manufacturing operations. Cutting down on our purchases of material things--from clothes and shoes to paper and appliances—could conserve and protect water supplies as effectively as installing a low-flush toilet. Producing a typical car requires more than 50 times its weight in water (39,090 gallons)! Choosing a fuel-efficient model will help--it takes 44 gallons of water to refine one gallon of crude oil and up to 1,700 gallons of water to produce a gallon of ethanol. · A kilogram (2.2 lbs) of hamburger or steak produced by a typical California beef cattle operation, for instance, uses some 20,500 liters (5,400 gal.) of water. · Producing 1 lb of bread requires 500 gallons of water. · Producing 1 serving (8 oz.) of chicken requires 330 gallons of water. · Growing one cotton T-shirt requires 256 gallons of water (source: The King of California, by Arax and Wartzman) · Producing 1 egg requires over 100 gallons of water. · Producing 1 serving (8 fl. oz.) of milk requires 48 gallons of water. · Producing 1 serving (2 oz.) of pasta requires 36 gallons of water. · Producing 1 serving (4.6 oz.) of oranges requires 14 gallons of water. · Producing 1 serving (4.3 oz.) of tomatoes requires 8 gallons of water. · A typical American Thanksgiving dinner for six people requires over 30,000 gallons of water. Saving water also saves energy. Wasting water wastes electricity. Why? Because the biggest use of electricity in most cities is supplying water and cleaning it up after it's been used! Water heaters account for nearly 1/4 of your home's energy use, and water heating is the usually third largest energy expense in your home. It typically accounts for about 13% of your utility bill. There are four ways to cut your water heating bills: use less hot water, turn down the thermostat on your water heater, insulate your water heater, or buy a new, more efficient water heater. Average Hot Water Use Clothes Washing 32 gallons Showering 20 gallons Dishwashing 12 gallons Preparing Food 5 gallons Hand Washing 4 gallons Water Conservation Regulations Is there any regulation related to water use in households? Steps to Establish a Water Conservation Program Audit current water use Install water meters at strategic locations in the facility Read/record water readings weekly and analyze the data. Look for high water use areas, trends, and unusual occurrencesIdentify water conservation opportunities Identify water conservation opportunities Fix drips, leaks, and unnecessary flows Implement changes to improve practices in cleaning, laundry and kitchens List opportunities requiring engineering/equipment solutions (toilets, sterilizers, boiler, chillers, etc.)Determine cost of opportunities and potential return on investment v Prioritize water conservation opportunities Measure and document success Increase Awareness Increase employee awareness of water conservation (educate staff, seek suggestions, assign responsibility, post signs, etc.) Increase patient and visitor awareness of water conservation (e.g., signs in patient rooms and restrooms, publicize water conservation policy) Pick the low hanging fruit Locate and correct drips, leaks, and unnecessary flows in bathrooms, laundry, kitchen, labs, etc. Repair/adjust flush mechanisms on toilets so that they work as designed Irrigate grounds and wash vehicles less often Reduce domestic water use Install toilet tank water displacement devices on older models or replace inefficient toilets and urinals with low-flow models Retrofit flushometer toilets with water-saving diaphragms Before selecting new equipment (e.g., low flush, dual flush), check out third party tests to determine actual effectiveness. Under third party maximum performance (MaP) tests, toilets are tested to see how much waste they will flush away instead of their ability to clear away a minimal amount of media. Install flow reducers (<2.5 gpm) and aerators on sinks and showers Install automatic shutoff valves or motion sensor-activated faucets As appliances and equipment wear out, replace with air-cooled or water-saving models Develop a steam trap inspection plan and replace faulty steam traps with effective, low-maintenance units Install steam condensate temping systems on vacuum and gravity sterilizers (retrofit kits are available) Replace water-induced vacuum devices on sterilizers with electric pumps (retrofit kits are available) Replace or retrofit continuous flow-through systems on film processors with flow control equipment Recover condensate from refrigerators, freezers and icemakers for reuse When washing dishes by hand, don't let the water run while rinsing. Fill one sink with wash water and the other with rinse water. Some refrigerators, air conditioners and ice-makers are cooled with wasted flows of water. Consider upgrading with air-cooled appliances for significant water savings. #4Adjust sprinklers so only your lawn is watered and not the house, sidewalk, or street. Run your clothes washer and dishwasher only when they are full. You can save up to 1,000 gallons a month. #6Choose shrubs and groundcovers instead of turf for hard-to-water areas such as steep slopes and isolated strips. Install covers on pools and spas and check for leaks around your pumps. Use the garbage disposal sparingly. Compost vegetable food waste instead and save gallons every time. Plant in the fall when conditions are cooler and rainfall is more plentiful. For cold drinks keep a pitcher of water in the refrigerator instead of running the tap. This way, every drop goes down you and not the drain..#11Monitor your water bill for unusually high use. Your bill and water meter are tools that can help you discover leaks. Water your lawn and garden in the morning or evening when temperatures are cooler to minimize evaporation. Wash your fruits and vegetables in a pan of water instead of running water from the tap. Spreading a layer of organic mulch around plants retains moisture and saves water, time and money. Use a broom instead of a hose to clean your driveway and sidewalk and save water every time. If your shower fills a one-gallon bucket in less than 20 seconds, replace the showerhead with a water-efficient model. Collect the water you use for rinsing fruits and vegetables, then reuse it to water houseplants. If water runs off your lawn easily, split your watering time into shorter periods to allow for better absorption. We're more likely to notice leaks indoors, but don't forget to check outdoor faucets, sprinklers and hoses for leaks. If you have an automatic refilling device, check your pool periodically for leaks. Check the root zone of your lawn or garden for moisture before watering using a spade or trowel. If it's still moist two inches under the soil surface, you still have enough water. Shorten your shower by a minute or two and you'll save up to 150 gallons per month. Upgrade older toilets with water efficient models. Adjust your lawn mower to a higher setting. A taller lawn shades roots and holds soil moisture better than if it is closely clipped. When cleaning out fish tanks, give the nutrient-rich water to your plants. Use sprinklers for large areas of grass. Water small patches by hand to avoid waste. Put food coloring in your toilet tank. If it seeps into the toilet bowl without flushing, you have a leak. Fixing it can save up to 1,000 gallons a month..#29When running a bath, plug the tub before turning the water on, then adjust the temperature as the tub fills up. Walkways and patios provide space that doesn't ever need to be watered. These useful "rooms" can also add value to your property. Collect water from your roof to water your garden. Designate one glass for your drinking water each day or refill a water bottle. This will cut down on the number of glasses to wash. Rather than following a set watering schedule, check for soil moisture two to three inches below the surface before watering. Install a rain sensor on your irrigation controller so your system won't run when it's raining. Don't use running water to thaw food. Defrost food in the refrigerator for water efficiency and food safety. Use drip irrigation for shrubs and trees to apply water directly to the roots where it's needed..#37Grab a wrench and fix that leaky faucet. It's simple, inexpensive, and you can save 140 gallons a week. Reduce the amount of lawn in your yard by planting shrubs and ground covers appropriate to your site and region. When doing laundry, match the water level to the size of the load. Teach your children to turn off faucets tightly after each use. Remember to check your sprinkler system valves periodically for leaks and keep the sprinkler heads in good shape. Use a water-efficient showerhead. They're inexpensive, easy to install, and can save you up to 750 gallons a month. Soak pots and pans instead of letting the water run while you scrape them clean. Don't water your lawn on windy days when most of the water blows away or evaporates. Water your plants deeply but less frequently to encourage deep root growth and drought tolerance. Know where your master water shut-off valve is located. This could save water and prevent damage to your home. To decrease water from being wasted on sloping lawns, apply water for five minutes and then repeat two to three times. Group plants with the same watering needs together to avoid overwatering some while underwatering others. Use a layer of organic material on the surface of your planting beds to minimize weed growth that competes for water. Use a minimum amount of organic or slow release fertilizer to promote a healthy and drought tolerant landscape. Trickling or cascading fountains lose less water to evaporation than those spraying water into the air. Avoid recreational water toys that require a constant flow of water. Turn off the water while brushing your teeth and save 25 gallons a month. Use a rain gauge, or empty tuna can, to track rainfall on your lawn. Then reduce your watering accordingly. Encourage your school system and local government to develop and promote water conservation among children and adults. Learn how to shut off your automatic watering system in case it malfunctions or you get an unexpected rain. Set a kitchen timer when watering your lawn or garden to remind you when to stop. A running hose can discharge up to 10 gallons a minute. If your toilet flapper doesn't close after flushing, replace it. Make sure there are water-saving aerators on all of your faucets. Use a grease pencil to mark the water level of your pool at the skimmer. Check the mark 24 hours later to see if you have a leak. If your dishwasher is new, cut back on rinsing. Newer models clean more thoroughly than older ones. Use a trowel, shovel, or soil probe to examine soil moisture depth. If the top two to three inches of soil are dry it's time to water. If installing a lawn, select a turf mix or blend that matches your climate and site conditions. When the kids want to cool off, use the sprinkler in an area where your lawn needs it the most. Make sure your swimming pools, fountains, and ponds are equipped with recirculating pumps. Winterize outdoor spigots when temperatures dip below freezing to prevent pipes from leaking or bursting. Insulate hot water pipes for more immediate hot water at the faucet and for energy savings. Wash your car on the lawn, and you'll water your lawn at the same time. Support projects that use reclaimed wastewater for irrigation and industrial uses. Use a hose nozzle or turn off the water while you wash your car. You'll save up to 100 gallons every time. Share water conservation tips with friends and neighbors. If your toilet was installed before 1992, reduce the amount of water used for each flush by inserting a displacement device in the tank. Leave lower branches on trees and shrubs and allow leaf litter to accumulate on the soil. This keeps the soil cooler and reduces evaporation. Report broken pipes, open hydrants and errant sprinklers to the property owner or your water provider. Let your lawn go dormant during the summer. Dormant grass only needs to be watered every three weeks or less if it rains. Plant with finished compost to add water-holding and nutrient-rich organic matter to the soil. Use sprinklers that deliver big drops of water close to the ground. Smaller water drops and mist often evaporate before they hit the ground. Listen for dripping faucets and running toilets. Fixing a leak can save 300 gallons a month or more. Water only when necessary. More plants die from over-watering than from under-watering. Adjust your watering schedule each month to match seasonal weather conditions and landscape requirements. Turn off the water while you wash your hair to save up to 150 gallons a month. Wash your pets outdoors in an area of your lawn that needs water. When shopping for a new clothes washer, compare resource savings among Energy Star models. Some of these can save up to 20 gallons per load, and energy too. Apply water only as fast as the soil can absorb it. Aerate your lawn at least once a year so water can reach the roots rather than run off the surface. When washing dishes by hand, fill the sink basin or a large container and rinse when all of the dishes have been soaped and scrubbed. Catch water in an empty tuna can to measure sprinkler output. One inch of water on one square foot of grass equals two-thirds of a gallon of water. Turn off the water while you shave and save up to 300 gallons a month. When you give your pet fresh water, don't throw the old water down the drain. Use it to water your trees or shrubs. To save water and time, consider washing your face or brushing your teeth while in the shower. While staying in a hotel or even at home, consider reusing your towels. When backflushing your pool, consider using the water on your landscaping. For hanging baskets, planters and pots, place ice cubes under the moss or dirt to give your plants a cool drink of water and help eliminate water overflow. Throw trimmings and peelings from fruits and vegetables into your yard compost to prevent using the garbage disposal. When you have ice left in your cup from a take-out restaurant, don't throw it in the trash, dump it on a plant. Have your plumber re-route your gray water to trees and gardens rather than letting it run into the sewer line. Check with your city codes, and if it isn't allowed in your area, start a movement to get that changed. Keep a bucket in the shower to catch water as it warms up or runs. Use this water to flush toilets or water plants. When you are washing your hands, don't let the water run while you lather. In The Bathroom While waiting for hot water to come through the pipes, catch the cool, clean, water in a bucket or a watering can. You can use it later to water plants, run your garbage disposer, or pour into the toilet bowl to flush. (Can save up to 50 gallons a week per person.) Replace your regular showerheads with low-flow showerheads. (Can save up to 230 gallons a week.) Keep your showers down to five minutes or less using a low-flow showerhead. (Can save up to 75 gallons a week per person.) Turn the water off while lathering-up in the shower. Then turn the water back on to quickly rinse. (Can save up to 75 gallons a week per person.) Take shallow baths, no more than 3 inches of water. (Can save up to 100 gallons a week per person.) Replace your older model toilets with new ultra-low-flush models. (Can save up to 350 gallons a week.) Check your toilets for leaks. Drop a dye tablet or a teaspoon of food coloring (avoid red) in the tank. If color appears in the bowl after 15 minutes, you probably need to replace the "flapper" valve. (Can save up to 100 gallons a week for each toilet repaired.) Flush the toilet only when necessary. Never use the toilet as an ashtray or wastebasket. (Can save up to 50 gallons a week.) Never let the water run while brushing your teeth or shaving. (Can save up to 35 gallons a week per person.) In the Kitchen Hand wash dishes just once a day using the least amount of detergent possible. This will cut down on rinsing. Use a sprayer or short blasts of water to rinse. (Can save up to 100 gallons a week.) If you have a dishwasher, run it only when you have a full load. (Can save up to 30 gallons a week.) Scrape food scraps off dishes in the garbage can or rinse them off with very short blasts of water. (Can save up to 60 gallons a week.) Never use hot, running water to defrost frozen foods. Plan ahead and place frozen items in the refrigerator overnight or use the microwave oven. (Can save up to 50 gallons a week.) Rinse vegetables and fruits in a sink or a pan filled with water instead of under running water. (Can save up to 30 gallons a week.) Run your garbage disposer only on alternate days. (Can save up to 25 gallons a week.) Around The House Repair all leaky faucets, fixtures and pipes both inside and outside your home. (Can save more than 150 gallons for each leak.) When doing the laundry, never wash less than a full load. (Can save up to 100 gallons a week.) Outdoors Set lawn mower blades one notch higher since longer grass reduces evaporation. Leave grass clippings on your grass, this cools the ground and holds in moisture. Never hose down your patio or balcony, always use a broom or blower. (Can save up to 100 gallons a week.) Don't allow children to play with the hose. (Can save up to 10 gallons a minute.) If you have a pool, use a cover to cut down evaporation. This will also keep your pool cleaner and reduce the need to add chemicals. (Can save up to 250 gallons a week.) Take your car to a car wash that recycles its wash water. If washing your car at home, use a bucket of water and sponge. Rinse quickly at the end. Never allow the hose to run continuously. (Can save up to 150 gallons a week.) Water your lawn and landscaping before dawn or after the sun sets when there's less evaporation. Adjust your sprinklers so they don't spray on sidewalks, driveway or street. (Can save up to 250 gallons a week.) How much water does a person use each day? Americans use an average of 168 litres a person each day. How long can water be stored? Public Drinking Water Systems http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/drinkingwaterqualityworld.html If stored properly, water in 3-litre and 5-litre containers can be stored for approximately two years. Smaller containers of 1 litre up to 2.5 litres of water are made with a thinner grade of plastic and can be stored for approximately six months. They cannot be stored as long, because they are very susceptive to penetrating odors. How should water be stored? One should pay special attention to how water is stored. Water should be stored in a cool, dark and dry place and it should be stored away from cleaning supplies and other chemicals. Water can pick up odours from other substances that we cannot detect in the air, so one should always pay attention to the properties of other substances that are stored with the water. Why does tap water often smell like chlorine? Drinking water has to be protected from microrganisms and contaminants that can enter the water through the pipelines that transport it to households. This happens by means of disinfection with various disinfection agents, chlorine being the most widely used one. Chlorine is a very effective disinfectant, which is used to kill any harmful bacteria that might be present in the water source. The amount of chlorine that is used is based on the amount of water that is treated, the amount of contaminants that must be controlled and the time it takes for the water to reach the first house. Chlorine levels are usually low, but in some rural areas there are more dangers to drinking water and the levels of chlorine that are used are a bit higher. People can than smell it when they tap water. When one's tap water smells like chlorine it does not mean a danger to the people that drink it. Chlorine levels used in drinking water are not high enough to form a serious threat to anyone's health. If the water has a chlorine smell, it may actually indicate that not enough chlorine is being added to the system. By increasing the amount of chlorine used at the treatment plant, different forms of chlorine are created in the water, which diminish chlorine odors. How did we calculate the efficient use? http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/drinkingwaterqualityworld.html INDOOR - We used the following numbers: Clothes washer 16 gals/load Dishwasher 6.0 gals/load Faucet aerators 1.0 gals/minute Toilet 1.28 gals/flush Showerhead 1.5 gals/minute Baths Substituted by a shower (1.5 gal/min showerhead) Flow ratings (gallons per minute) for showerheads and faucets/aerators are based on maximum possible flow, although most people do not routinely turn the water on all the way. For general estimation purposes, our calculator uses the full flow-rated number. OUTDOOR - We assumed a 40% reduction in your current lawn watering use based on the benefits of applying Florida-friendly landscaping principles, drought tolerant plants and high-efficiency irrigation sprinklers. Depending on plant species and irrigation technology, your savings could be as high as 90%! Calculations for current lawn watering amounts are based on the following assumptions: 5 irrigation zones per typical quarter-acre, 30 minutes per zone, 15 gallons per minute. How much water does it take to process a quarter pound of Sandwich? Approximately one gallon How much water does it take to produce one ton of steel? 62,600 gallons How much water is used to produce a single day’s supply of U.S. newsprint? 300 million gallons What is the total amount of water used to manufacture a new car, including new tires? 39,090 gallons per car How much water must a dairy cow drink to produce one gallon of milk? Four gallons How much water is used during the growing/production of a chicken? 400 gallons How much water is used during the growing/production of almonds? 12 gallons How much water is used during the growing/production of french fries? 6 gallons How much water is used during the growing/production of a single orange? 13.8 gallons How much water is used during the growing/production of a watermelon? 100 gallons How much water is used during the growing/production of a loaf of bread? 150 gallons How much water is used during the growing/production of a tomato? 3 gallons How much water us used during the production of an egg? 120 gallons Water is the only substance found on earth naturally in three forms. (Solid, liquid and gas) Does water regulate the earth’s temperature? Yes (it is a natural insulator) At what temperature does water freeze? 32 degrees F, 0 degrees C At what temperature does water vaporize? 212 degrees F, 100 degrees C How long can a person live without food? More than a month How long can a person live without water? Approximately one week, depending upon conditions How much of the human body is water? 66% How much of the earth’s surface is water? 80% How much water must a person consume per day to maintain health? 2.5 quarts from all sources (i.e. water, food) Of all the earth’s water, how much is ocean or seas? 97% How much of the world’s water is frozen and therefore unusable? 2% How much of the earth’s water is suitable for drinking water? 1% Is it possible for me to drink water that was part of the dinosaur era? Yes - water is constantly recycled What is the most common substance found on earth? Water How much water does the average residence use during a year? Over 100,000 gallons (indoors and outside) How much water does an individual use daily? Over 100 gallons (all uses) How many community public water systems are there in the North America? 54,000 How much water do these utilities process daily? 38 billion gallons How many miles of pipeline and aqueducts are in the North America? Approximately one million miles, or enough to circle the earth 40 times What were the first water pipes made from in the North America? Fire charred bored logs Where was the first municipal water filtration works opened and when? Paisley, Scotland in 1832 How many households use private wells for their water supply? More than 13 million How much water is used to flush a toilet? 2-7 gallons How much water is used in the average five-minute shower? 15-25 gallons How much water is used on the average for an automatic dishwasher? 9-12 gallons On the average, how much is used to hand wash dishes? 9-20 gallons How much does one gallon of water weigh? 8.34 pounds What is the weight of water in one cubic foot? 62.4 pounds How much water drops with an inch of rain on one acre of ground? 27,154 gallons, which weighs 113 tons |