---

admin@qureshiuniversity.com

---

Apply for Academic Admission | Academic Guide | Administrative law | About the Founder | Aircraft | Aviation World | Ambassadors | Accreditation | A to Z Degree Fields | Books | Blog | Catalog | Calendar | Collaboration | Colleges | Complaint | Contact Us | Continents/States | Construction | Contracts | Courses | Doctor Consultation | Distance Education | Equipment | Emergency | Emergency call centers | Economy and Budget | Examinations | English Editing Service | Forms | Faculty | Facilities | Governor | Glossary | Grants | Helicopters | Hostels | Honorary Doctorate degree | Human Services | Human Resources | Internet Education | Inspections | Internet | Intellectual Property | Investment | Instructors | Internship | Job Openings | Journal | Login | Lecture | Librarians | Languages | License/Permit/Registration | Medical Emergency | Manufacturing | Materials | Mentor | Movies | Money transfer(Pay Now) | Membership | North America | Non-Emergency Services | Observers | Planet Earth | Proposals | Publication | Professional Examinations | Programs | Professions | Paraprofessional | Profile | Progress Report | Recommendations | Ration food and supplies | Research Grants | Research | State Directories | Students login | School | Search | Software | Seminar | Study Center/Centre | Sponsorship | Submit an Issue | Team | Tutoring | Thesis | Universities | Universe & Space | Vehicles | Work counseling | World economy

---

Intravenous fluids skills and knowledge
Intravenous Fluids
Continuing Education Activity

What must a healthcare professional know about intravenous fluids? Answer What are the types of intravenous fluids? Answer When are intravenous fluids used? Answer Intravenous fluids: What questions must you know? Answer What is it? Answer What type is it? Answer What are the ingredients? Answer What are the uses? Answer What must you monitor? Answer How many intravenous fluids must you know? Answer What are the examples of intravenous fluids you must know? Answer How do you verify that ingredients are accurate, such as 0.9% normal saline (0.9% NaCl)? Answer Who is the manufacturer? Answer What is the exact location of these manufacturers? Answer What is their answer? Answer What questions must be answered before starting intravenous fluids? Answer What type of intravenous fluid is required? Answer What is the total amount of fluid required? Answer How quickly is the fluid required with rate of drip? Answer What are the details in terms of the weight, age, and medical condition of the patient? Answer How do you start an intravenous line in this situation? Answer What intravenous fluids should you use in a medical emergency? Answer Intravenous Catheter: How do you insert an intravenous catheter? Answer Where do you not insert an intravenous line? Answer What are the types of IV catheters? Answer What is a peripheral IV catheter? Answer What are other names or terms used for a peripheral IV? Answer Peripheral IV: What are the uses? Answer When do you do endotracheal intubation in a patient in a coma? Answer How long can a peripheral IV catheter stay in? Answer What size of intravenous catheter should you use to start an IV line? Answer Intravenous catheters arranged by gauge and color: What are various examples? Answer At which location will you start an intravenous line: inside the elbow or on the backside of the hand? Answer Where is left median cubital vein? Answer How do you start an intravenous line in this situation? Answer What is normal saline? Answer What are various concentrations of normal saline? Answer What are the indications of 0.9% normal saline? Answer What are the many types of infusions that are given through an IV? Answer

Intravenous Fluids
Continuing Education Activity
What must a healthcare professional know about intravenous fluids?

What are the types of intravenous fluids? 1. Intravenous fluids based on their tonicity 2. Intravenous fluids based on their purpose. There are at least 5 categories. Focus on intravenous fluids based on their purpose. When are intravenous fluids used? 1. Serious trauma injury with blood loss or shock 2. Severe burns 3. Severe dehydration with vomiting and diarrhea 4. Serious dehydration situations. Severe dehydration can occur when you spend too much time in the heat without drinking enough or when exercising too much. 5. During/after major surgery 6. Inability to eat or drink depending on the situation. Intravenous fluids: What questions must you know? What is it? What type is it? What are the ingredients? What are the uses? What must you monitor? How many intravenous fluids must you know? At least 10. What are the examples of intravenous fluids you must know? How do you verify that ingredients are accurate, such as 0.9% normal saline (0.9% NaCl)? Who is the manufacturer? What is the exact location of these manufacturers? What is their answer? What questions must be answered before starting intravenous fluids? What type of intravenous fluid is required? What is the total amount of fluid required? How quickly is the fluid required with rate of drip? What are the details in terms of the weight, age, and medical condition of the patient? How do you start an intravenous line in this situation? What intravenous fluids should you use in a medical emergency? Intravenous Catheter: How do you insert an intravenous catheter? Where do you not insert an intravenous line? What are the types of IV catheters? Peripheral IV Central venous catheter Midline catheter Peripheral IV Peripheral IV catheter What is a peripheral IV catheter? See the image What are other names or terms used for a peripheral IV? Peripheral IV catheter Peripheral venous catheter Peripheral IV line Peripheral IV: What are the uses? IV fluids Medications Blood transfusions Liquid nutrition (total parenteral nutrition) Coma patient: start an IV line Other justified indications When do you do endotracheal intubation in a patient in a coma? If the coma scale is less than 8, do an endotracheal intubation in a coma patient. How long can a peripheral IV catheter stay in? 72 to 86 hours. What size of intravenous catheter should you use to start an IV line? On average, most patients will require that a 22G or 20G be inserted. Intravenous catheters arranged by gauge and color: What are various examples? 24G Yellow 22G Blue 20G Pink 18G Green 16G Grey 14G Orange Equipment All necessary equipment should be prepared, assembled and available at the bedside prior to starting the IV. Basic equipment includes: Appropirate size catheter 20G-30mm IV catheter non-latex tourniquet alcohol swab non-sterile 2x2 gauze sterile 2x2 gauze (this is not practice in nursing) 6x7cm Tegaderm™ Transparent Dressing 3 pieces of 2.5 cm tape approximately 10 cm in length IV bag with solution set (tubing) (flushed and ready) sharps container 24 Gauge (Yellow) Uses: Intended for newborns, children, intermittent infusions, or patients who have frail veins Flow Rate: Low (20 ml/min) Size: 0.7 mm At which location will you start an intravenous line: inside the elbow or on the backside of the hand? See the image. IV Sites Where is left median cubital vein? See the image. Left Right How do you start an intravenous line in this situation? Start with a focus on the left median cubital vein. Normal saline What is normal saline? Normal saline is a crystalloid fluid administered via an intravenous solution. Its indications include both adult and pediatric populations as sources of hydration and electrolyte disturbances. What are various concentrations of normal saline? It can come in various concentrations; the two specifically addressed are 0.9% and 0.45%. What are the indications of 0.9% normal saline? 1. Extracellular fluid replacement (e.g., dehydration, hypovolemia, hemorrhage, sepsis) 2. Treatment of metabolic alkalosis in the presence of fluid loss 3. Mild sodium depletion What are the many types of infusions that are given through an IV? IV fluids Electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, etc.) Antibiotics Parenteral nutrition Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Targeted therapy Blood products Anti-nausea medicines Other medications that are justified

Types of IV Fluids

There are different types of IV fluids and different ways on how to classify them. The most common way to categorize IV fluids is based on their tonicity: Isotonic. Isotonic IV solutions that have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. Hypotonic. Hypotonic solutions have lesser concentration of solutes than plasma. Hypertonic. Hypertonic solutions have greater concentration of solutes than plasma. IV solutions can also be classified based on their purpose: Nutrient solutions. May contain dextrose, glucose, and levulose to make up the carbohydrate component – and water. Water is supplied for fluid requirements and carbohydrate for calories and energy. Nutrient solutions are useful in preventing dehydration and ketosis. Examples of nutrient solutions include D5W, D5NSS. Electrolyte solutions. Contains varying amounts of cations and anions that are used to replace fluid and electrolytes for clients with continuing losses. Examples of electrolyte solutions include 0.9 NaCl, Ringer’s Solution, and LRS. Alkalinizing solutions. Are administered to treat metabolic acidosis. Examples: LRS. Acidifying solutions. Are used to counteract metabolic alkalosis. D51/2NS, 0.9 NaCl. Volume expanders. Are solutions used to increase the blood volume after a severe blood loss, or loss of plasma. Examples of volume expanders are dextran, human albumin, and plasma.

Comparison of Osmotic Effects of Hypertonic, Isotonic, and Hypotonic IV Fluids on Red Blood Cells
8 Types

Intravenous fluids: What questions must you know? Answer What is it? Answer What type is it? Answer What are the ingredients? Answer What are the uses? Answer What must you monitor? Answer How many intravenous fluids must you know? Answer What are the examples of intravenous fluids you must know? Answer How do you verify that ingredients are accurate, such as 0.9% normal saline (0.9% NaCl)? Answer Who is the manufacturer? Answer What is the exact location of these manufacturers? Answer What is their answer? Answer 1. Intravenous fluids: What questions must you know? What is it? IV Solution 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) What type is it? Type Isotonic What are the ingredients? What are the uses? Uses Fluid resuscitation for hemorrhaging, severe vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning losses, wound drainage, mild hyponatremia, or blood transfusions. What must you monitor? Monitor closely for hypervolemia, especially with heart failure or renal failure. 2. IV Solution Lactated Ringer’s Solution (LR) Type Isotonic Uses Fluid resuscitation, GI tract fluid losses, burns, traumas, or metabolic acidosis. Often used during surgery. Should not be used if serum pH is greater than 7.5 because it will worsen alkalosis. May elevate potassium levels if used with renal failure. 3. IV Solution 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Type Isotonic *starts as isotonic and then changes to hypotonic when dextrose is metabolized Uses Provides free water to help renal excretion of solutes, hypernatremia, and some dextrose supplementation. Should not be used for fluid resuscitation because after dextrose is metabolized, it becomes hypotonic and leaves the intravascular space, causing brain swelling. Used to dilute plasma electrolyte concentrations. 4. IV Solution 0.45% Sodium Chloride (0.45% NaCl) Type Hypotonic Used to treat intracellular dehydration and hypernatremia and to provide fluid for renal excretion of solutes. Monitor closely for hypovolemia, hypotension, or confusion due to fluid shifting into the intracellular space, which can be life-threatening. Avoid use in patients with liver disease, trauma, and burns to prevent hypovolemia from worsening. Monitor closely for cerebral edema. 5. IV Solution 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) Type Hypotonic Provides free water to promote renal excretion of solutes and treat hypernatremia, as well as some dextrose supplementation. Monitor closely for hypovolemia, hypotension, or confusion due to fluid shifting out of the intravascular space, which can be life-threatening. Avoid use in patients with liver disease, trauma, and burns to prevent hypovolemia from worsening. Monitor closely for cerebral edema. 6. IV Solution 3% Sodium Chloride (3% NaCl) Type Hypertonic v Used to treat severe hyponatremia and cerebral edema. Monitor closely for hypervolemia, hypernatremia, and associated respiratory distress. Do not use it with patients experiencing heart failure, renal failure, or conditions caused by cellular dehydration because it will worsen these conditions. 7. IV Solution 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride (D50.45% NaCl) Type Hypertonic Used to treat severe hyponatremia and cerebral edema. Monitor closely for hypervolemia, hypernatremia, and associated respiratory distress. Do not use it with patients experiencing heart failure, renal failure, or conditions caused by cellular dehydration because it will worsen these conditions. 8. IV Solution 5% Dextrose and Lactated Ringer’s (D5LR) Type Hypertonic Used to treat severe hyponatremia and cerebral edema. Monitor closely for hypervolemia, hypernatremia, and associated respiratory distress. Do not use it with patients experiencing heart failure, renal failure, or conditions caused by cellular dehydration because it will worsen these conditions.

Last Updated: March 3, 2024