What is research?
Research is finding out what you don't already know.
Research is a process of investigation. An examination of a subject from different points of view. Research is a hunt for the truth. It is getting to know a subject by reading up on it, reflecting, playing with the ideas, choosing the areas that interest you and following up on them.
Research is a process of investigation.
Is there a difference between research and medical research?
Yes.
What is the difference between research and medical research?
Research is a big entity.
Within this entity is medical research.
Medical research is relevant to human beings.
What is medical research?
Most medical research studies are designed to find answers to questions that haven't been answered yet, relevant to human health.
What best describes your research goals?
Medical research.
Nonmedical research.
What are the types of medical research?
There are more than 35 main categories of medical research.
Does consuming tea or coffee cause excessive loss of urea or creatinine in urine, thus causing weight loss in humans?
This question has neither been asked by anyone nor answered by anyone up to now.
This is a medical research question.
A nephrologist, a medical specialist, does this type of research.
How should a physician-scientist (research physician) go ahead with medical Research?
1. Select a topic relevant to human health or medical research.
What is the topic for medical research?
What is the purpose of this medical research?
Who is supervising this research?
Who needs to provide resources for the research?
Who is reporting the results?
What questions need to be answered relevant to the topic of medical research?
Where do you select your topic for medical research?
Take a look at this.
http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/healthcareworld.html can help you in selecting the topic.
Your guide can also ask these questions.
Have you selected a topic for your medical research?
Have you written questions in the English language that need to be answered in medical research?
Did you locate any resource that has already done research and displayed questions and answers, for example www/qureshiuniversity.com/healthcareworld.html for medical research?
What is on your mind?
What do you plan to do?
What do you plan to find out?
What is known about the issue?
What is not known about the issue?
2 If the topic has already been elaborated in question-and-answer format, that means medical research has already been done.
If you do not find research questions and answers for your medical research, here are further guidelines.
Write questions in the English language relevant to the topic that need to be answered.
What questions need to be answered relevant to the topic of medical research?
3. Try to answer these questions from your clinical medical experience if you are a physician-scientist (research physician). Usually, a PhD in biomedical sciences cannot design or answer these questions. A PhD in biomedical sciences depends on research questions and answers from a physician-scientist (research physician) due to his or her patient care experience and relevant medical education.
4. If the physician-scientist (research physician) is able to write research questions and answers from clinical experience, this completes medical research. If the questions are written but there are no complete answers, then further medical research is required.
Locate relevant academic search results from web pages, books, encyclopedias, and journals.
Various web pages can comprise school, college, or university resources.
Various web pages can comprise professional training resources or assets for various essential departments in the state and outside the state.
Various web pages can be open to the public or password protected.
Do you have answers to your research questions?
If yes, your medical research for a specific topic is complete.
If you did not get answers to research questions, further medical research is required.
What can be types of further medical research if you cannot get answers to you research questions?
Here are further guidelines.
www.qureshiuniversity.com/medicalresearch.html
1. Experimental uncontrolled trials (analytical medical research)
2. Experimental controlled trials, nonrandomized or randomized) (analytical medical research)
3. Observational case control (analytical medical research)
4. Observational cohort (analytical medical research)
5. Observational cross-sectional (analytical medical research)
6. Observational longitudinal (analytical medical research)
7. Basic medical research, for example in genetics.
8. Laboratory/test tube research
9. Clinical research
10. Epidemiological/noninterventional research (Case control studies, cohort studies, cross-sectional)
11. Preclinical research, for example on animals. This can help on humans later if done properly.
12. Retrospective and prospective research
13. Translational research/applied research
Research Methods/Types of Research
Analysis
Cohort studies
Correlational Research (Quantitative research)
Comparative research (Qualitative research)
Data Analysis
Descriptive Research (Qualitative research)
Evaluation Research (Qualitative research)
Historical Research (Qualitative research)
Action research (Qualitative research)
Observational research
Descriptive research (Qualitative research)
Experimental Research (Qualitative research)
Laboratory or test tube research
Medical research (Clinical research)
Animal research
Human subject research
How to choose from the different research methods
Here are further guidelines.
What type of research does a PhD in biomedical Sciences do?
Preclinical research, for example on animals. This can help on humans later if done properly.
What are sensitivity, specificity, false positives, false negatives, true positive, and true negative?
What type of research do you plan to do?
https://www.qureshiuniversity.com/medicalresearch.html
What should you know before you go ahead with any medical research?
You cannot harm others.
Career in Medical Research
What are examples of careers in Medical Research?
Physician-scientist (research physician).
PhD in Biomedical Sciences
How should a Physician-scientist (research physician) or PhD in Biomedical Sciences go ahead with medical Research?
Here are further guidelines.
What is Medical Research?
The terms research study, clinical trial, and experiment are all used to describe medical research.
Most research studies are designed to ask a question that hasn't been answered yet. Some of the questions investigators have asked include:
Does a certain medicine cure a disease, or make some of the symptoms go away?
Can you use one vaccination or shot to provide protection from more than one disease?
What is the purpose of medical research?
Was the study in animals or people?
Does the study include people like you?
How big was the study?
Was it a randomized controlled clinical trial?
Where was the research done?
If a new treatment was being tested, were there side effects?
Who _______ for the research?
Who is reporting the results?
Clinical Research
What is clinical research?
What is a protocol?
What is a clinical trial?
What are clinical trial "phases?"
What are "blind" or "masked" studies?
Should I volunteer for clinical research?
How do I find information about clinical trials for specific conditions?
What is clinical research?
Clinical research is research conducted with human subjects, or material of human origin, in which the researcher directly interacts with human subjects. Clinical research helps doctors and researchers to find new and better ways to understand, detect, control, and treat illness. A clinical research study is a way to find answers to difficult scientific or health questions. For example, the study might explore the best ways to treat people with colon cancer. By studying cancer cells from patients, researchers may be able to determine the specific genetic mutations (changes in gene sequence) that caused the normal, healthy cells to become cancerous, and may help doctors decide on the best drugs to prescribe or surgeries to perform. Clinical research today may help other doctors in the future screen their healthy patients before they ever develop cancer.
What is a protocol?
All clinical studies are based on a set of rules or directions called a protocol. A protocol describes what types of people are eligible to participate in the study; determines the schedule of tests, procedures, medications, and dosages; and sets the length of the study.
What is a clinical trial?
If a clinical research study involves testing or studying a drug or medical device to see if it is a safe and effective treatment for people, it is called a "trial." For example, a clinical trial may test the effectiveness of a new drug for treating Parkinson's disease.
Many new medicines and drugs are found to work in the researcher's lab, and to be safe and effective in animal tests. But drugs and devices must be proven to be safe and effective for people before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can approve them and doctors can prescribe them to patients. The FDA has strict rules that govern how clinical trials are conducted. These rules are designed to ensure the safety of those who participate.
What are clinical trial "phases?"
Clinical trials of experimental drugs proceed through four phases:
In Phase I clinical trials, researchers test a new drug or treatment for the first time in a small group of normal, healthy volunteers (about 20 to 80) to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
In Phase II clinical trials, the study drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people (about 100 to 300), including patients with the particular disease, to see if the drug or treatment is effective, and to further evaluate its safety.
In Phase III clinical trials, the study drug or treatment is given to large groups of people (from 1,000 to 3,000), including patients, to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to other commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase IV clinical trials are done after the drug or treatment has been approved by the FDA and marketed for public use. These studies continue testing the drug or treatment to collect information about its effect in various populations and gather data on any side effects associated with long-term use.
What are "blind" or "masked" studies?
In many clinical trials, one group of patients will be given an experimental drug or treatment, while a control group is given either a standard treatment for the illness, or a placebo (a harmless "fake" drug), or no treatment at all.
In a "blinded" or "masked" study, participants do not know whether they are getting the drug being tested, or whether they are in the control group. The goal is to prevent the so-called "placebo effect" from influencing the results of the experiment. The placebo effect is the phenomenon of patients feeling better simply because they think they are receiving a helpful drug or treatment.
Sometimes, clinical trials are "double-blind" or "double-masked." That means that neither the participants, nor the study staff members, know who is receiving the experimental drug and who is in the control group. Studies are performed in this way so that neither the patients' nor the doctors' expectations about the experimental drug can influence the observations and results.
Should I volunteer for clinical research?
Clinical research is a vital part of finding new treatments and cures for diseases. Carefully conducted clinical studies are the fastest way to find treatments that are safe and effective. By volunteering for a clinical study, you would be participating in research that may result in a new treatment for a deadly or debilitating disease.
Before you agree to participate in a study, you must be given complete information about the study, known as "informed consent." Informed consent involves two essential components: a document and a process. The informed consent document gives a summary of the research project (including the study's purpose, research procedures, potential benefits and risks, etc.) and explains the individual's rights as a research participClinical Research
What is clinical research?
What is a protocol?
What is a clinical trial?
What are clinical trial "phases?"
What are "blind" or "masked" studies?
Should I volunteer for clinical research?
How do I find information about clinical trials for specific conditions?
What is clinical research?
Clinical research is research conducted with human subjects, or material of human origin, in which the researcher directly interacts with human subjects. Clinical research helps doctors and researchers to find new and better ways to understand, detect, control, and treat illness. A clinical research study is a way to find answers to difficult scientific or health questions. For example, the study might explore the best ways to treat people with colon cancer. By studying cancer cells from patients, researchers may be able to determine the specific genetic mutations (changes in gene sequence) that caused the normal, healthy cells to become cancerous, and may help doctors decide on the best drugs to prescribe or surgeries to perform. Clinical research today may help other doctors in the future screen their healthy patients before they ever develop cancer.
What is a protocol?
All clinical studies are based on a set of rules or directions called a protocol. A protocol describes what types of people are eligible to participate in the study; determines the schedule of tests, procedures, medications, and dosages; and sets the length of the study.
What is a clinical trial?
If a clinical research study involves testing or studying a drug or medical device to see if it is a safe and effective treatment for people, it is called a "trial." For example, a clinical trial may test the effectiveness of a new drug for treating Parkinson's disease.
Many new medicines and drugs are found to work in the researcher's lab, and to be safe and effective in animal tests. But drugs and devices must be proven to be safe and effective for people before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can approve them and doctors can prescribe them to patients. The FDA has strict rules that govern how clinical trials are conducted. These rules are designed to ensure the safety of those who participate.
What are clinical trial "phases?"
Clinical trials of experimental drugs proceed through four phases:
In Phase I clinical trials, researchers test a new drug or treatment for the first time in a small group of normal, healthy volunteers (about 20 to 80) to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
In Phase II clinical trials, the study drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people (about 100 to 300), including patients with the particular disease, to see if the drug or treatment is effective, and to further evaluate its safety.
In Phase III clinical trials, the study drug or treatment is given to large groups of people (from 1,000 to 3,000), including patients, to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to other commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase IV clinical trials are done after the drug or treatment has been approved by the FDA and marketed for public use. These studies continue testing the drug or treatment to collect information about its effect in various populations and gather data on any side effects associated with long-term use.
What are "blind" or "masked" studies?
In many clinical trials, one group of patients will be given an experimental drug or treatment, while a control group is given either a standard treatment for the illness, or a placebo (a harmless "fake" drug), or no treatment at all.
In a "blinded" or "masked" study, participants do not know whether they are getting the drug being tested, or whether they are in the control group. The goal is to prevent the so-called "placebo effect" from influencing the results of the experiment. The placebo effect is the phenomenon of patients feeling better simply because they think they are receiving a helpful drug or treatment.
Sometimes, clinical trials are "double-blind" or "double-masked." That means that neither the participants, nor the study staff members, know who is receiving the experimental drug and who is in the control group. Studies are performed in this way so that neither the patients' nor the doctors' expectations about the experimental drug can influence the observations and results.
Should I volunteer for clinical research?
Clinical research is a vital part of finding new treatments and cures for diseases. Carefully conducted clinical studies are the fastest way to find treatments that are safe and effective. By volunteering for a clinical study, you would be participating in research that may result in a new treatment for a deadly or debilitating disease.
Before you agree to participate in a study, you must be given complete information about the study, known as "informed consent." Informed consent involves two essential components: a document and a process. The informed consent document gives a summary of the research project (including the study's purpose, research procedures, potential _________ and risks, etc.) and explains the individual's rights as a research participant. This document is part of an informed consent process, which consists of conversations between the research team and the participant, and may include other supporting material such as study brochures. The informed consent process provides research participants with ongoing explanations that will help them make informed decisions about whether to begin or continue participating in the research project
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