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A	Autotuned NAVAID
A	At or Above (constrained altitude)
AA	American
AAATS	Australian Advanced Air Traffic Services
AAC	Aeronautical Administration Communication (a class of communication which supports administrative communication)
AAS	Advanced Automation System (the end systems for all FAA air traffic control, located at the ARTCCs)
AATT	Advanced Aviation Transportation Technology
ABM	Abeam
A/C	Aircraft
ACARS	Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System
ACARS	ARINC communications and address reporting system (digital communications system used primarily for aircraft-to-airline messages)
ACARS MU	ACARS Management Unit
ACAS	Airborne Collision and Avoidance System
ACF	Area Control Facility
ACFS	Advanced Concepts Flight Simulator (a generic "glass cockpit")
ACK	Acknowledge
ACMS	Aircraft Condition Monitoring System
ACT	Active
ADC	Air Data Computer
ADF	Automatic Direction Finder
ADI	Attitude Director lndicator
ADLP	Aircraft Data Link Processor (the Mode S subnetwork function onboard the aircraft that implements the OSI network layer protocols)
ADMA	Aviation Distributors and Manufactureres Association
ADS	Automatic Dependent Surveillance
AECB	Atomic Energy Control Board
AERA	Automated Enroute ATC
AFCS	Automatic Flight Control System
AFDS	Autopilot Flight Director System (also A/P F/D)
AFS	Automatic Flight System
AGATE	Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments
AGL	Above Ground Level
AHRS	Attitude Heading Reference System
AIRS	Advanced Infrared Sounder
A/l	Anti-ice
AI	Artificial Intelligence
AL	Allegheny
Alert	Indicator (visual or auditory) which provides information to the flightcrew in a timely manner about an event requiring pilot awareness.
ALPA	Air Line Pilots Association
ALT	Altitude
ALT	Alternate
ALTN	Alternate
ALT HOLD	Altitude Hold Mode
AM	Amplitude Modulation
AM	Aeromexico
AMSS	Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service
ANA	All Nippon Airways
AOA	Angle-of-Attack
AOA Airport Operations Area
AOC	Aeronautical Operation Control (communications which support safety and regularity of flight that normally take place between aircraft and the operator)
AOCS	Attitude and Orbit Control System
AOM	Aircraft Operating Manual
AOPA	Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
A/P	Autopilot
APA	Allied Pilots Association
APC	Aeronautical Passenger Communication (a class of communication which supports passenger communication)
APMS	Automated Performance Measurement System
APPR	Approach/Approach Mode
APR	April
APRT	Airport
APU	Auxiliary Power Unit
AQP	Advanced Qualification Program
ARAC	Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee
ARINC	Aeronautical Radio In_________d
ARPA	Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARR	Arrival
ARTCC	Air Route Traffic Control Center
ARTS	Automated Radar Terminal System
ASCII	American Standard Code for Interface and Interchange
ASI	Air Speed Indicator
ASR	Airport Surveillance Radar
ASRS	Aviation Safety Reporting System (aviation incident reporting system run by NASA for FAA)
AT	At (an altitude)
A/T	Autothrottle
ATA	Air Transport Association
ATA	Actual Time of Arrival
ATC	Air Traffic Control (a generic term for a joint civil/military system for controlling traffic within a specific area)
ATCS	Advanced Train Control Systems
ATCSCC	Air Traffic Control System Command Center
ATHR	Autothrust System
ATIS	Automatic Terminal Information Service (recorded voice message that provides weather and airport services information)
ATM	Air Transportation Management
ATN	Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (the collection of ground subnetworks, air/ground subnetworks and airborne subnetworks interconnected by ATN routers that support computer-to-computer, internetwork communication and message transfer between host computers using the OSI ISO protocol architecture)
ATS	Automatic Throttle System
ATSC	Air Traffic Service Communications (Communications related to air traffic services. This includes ATC, aeronautical and meteorological information, position reporting and services related to safety and regularity of flight)
AUG	August
AV	Avianca
AVAIL	Available
AVHRR	Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer
AWACS	Airborne Warning And Control System
AWAS	Automated Weather Advisory Station
AWIPS	Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System
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B	At or Below (constrained altitude)
BALPA	British Air Line Pilots Association
BASIS	British Airways Safety Information System
BF	MarkAir
BIT(E)	Built-ln-Test (Equipment)
BRG	Bearing
BRT	Brightness
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C	Centigrade
CAA	Civil Aviation Authority (Great Britain)
CAB	Civil Aeronautics Board
CAS	Calibrated (Computed) Air Speed
CASE	Computer Aided Software Engineering
CAT	Clear Air Turbulence
CAT	Computer Aided Testing
CAT I	Facility providing operation down to 200 feet decision height and runway visual range not less than 2600 feet.
CAT II	Facility providing operation down to 100 feet decision height and runway visual range not less than 1200 feet.
CAT II a	Facility providing operation with no decision height limit to and along the surface of the runway with external visual reference during final phase of landing and with a runway visual range not less than 700 feet.
CBT	Computer Based Training
CDI	Course Deviation Indicator
CDU	Control display unit (pilots' interface to the FMS)
CDTI	Cockpit Display of Traffic Information
CENA	Centred' Études de la Navigation Aérienne (France)
CFIT	Controlled Flight Into Terrain
CG	Center of Gravity
CGS	Centimeter-gram-second
Cl	Cost Index
CI	China Airlines
CIT	Compressor Inlet Temperature
CLB	Climb Detent of the Thrust Levers
CLR	Clear
CMC	Central Maintenance Computer
CNS	Communications Navigations and Surveillance
CO	Continetnal
COM	Cockpit Operating Manual
CON	Continuous
CO ROUTE	Company Route (also CO RTE)
COTR	Contracting Officer's Technical Representative
COTS	Commercial Off The Shelf
CP	Control Panel
CPCS	Cabin Pressure Control System
CPDLC	Controller Pilot Datalink Communications
CPU	Central Processing Unit
CRC	Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRITTER	Civil Rotorcraft IFR Terminal-Area Technology Enhancement Research
CRM	Cockpit Resource Management
CRM	Crew Research Management
CRS	Course
CRT	Cathode Ray Tube
CRZ	Cruise
CSD	Constant Speed Drive
CTA	Controlled-Time of Arrival
CTA	Control Area (ICAO Term)
CTAS	Center TRACON Automation System
CTC	Centralized Train Central
CTR	Center
CTR	Civil Tilt Rotor
CTRL	Control
CWS	Control Wheel Steering
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D	Derated
DA	Descent Advisor
DBS	Direct Broadcast Satellite
DE-TO PR	Derated Takeoff Engine Pressure Ratio
D-TO Nl	Derated Takeoff Engine Fan Speed
DADC	Digital Air Data Computer
DATALINK	Digitized Information Transfer (air/ground)
DC	Direct Current Electricity
D/D	Drift Down
DEC	December
DEC	Digital Equipment Corporation
DECR	Decrement
DEL	Delete
DEP	Departure
DES	Descent
DEST	Destination
DEV	Deviation
DFDAU	Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit
DFDR	Digital Flight Data Recorder
DFGS/C	Digital Flight Guidance System/Computer
DFW	Dallas Fort Worth International Airport
DGPS	Differential GPS
DH	Decision Height
DIR	Direct
DIR/INTC	Direct Intercept
DIS	Distance
DISCR	Discrepancy
DIST	Distance
DL	Delta
DME	Distance Measuring Equipment (ground navigational aid that can provide display of distance to selected ground navigational radio transmitter)
DMU	Data Management Unit
DNTKFX	DownTrack Fix
DOT	Department of Transportation
DOD	Department of Defense
DRU	Data Retrival Unit
DSPY	Display (annunciation on CDU)
DTG	Distance-to-go
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E	East
EADI	Electronic Attitude Director Indicator
EAS	Equivalent Airspeed
ECAM	Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor
ECON	Economy (minimum cost speed schedule)
ECS	Environmental Control System
E/D	End-of-Descent
EDF	Electricité de France
EEC	Electronic Engine Control
EFC	Expected Further Clearance
EFIS	Electronic Flight Instrument System
EGT	Exhaust Gas Temperature
EHSI	Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator
EICAS	Engine Indicating Crew Alerting System
EIU	Electronic Interface Unit
ELT	Emergency Locator Transmitter
EMP	Electromagnetic Pulse
EMS	Emergency Medical Services
ENG	Engine
E/O	Engine-Out
EPR	Engine Pressure Ratio
EPROM	Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EST	Estimated
ETA	EstimatedTime of Arrival
ETX	End of Transmission
EXEC	Execute
Back to Top - F -
F	Fahrenheit
FA	Final Approach
FADEC	Full Authority Digital Engine Control
FAIL	FMC Fail
Failure	The inability of a system, subsytem, unit or part to perform within previously specified limits.
FAF	Final Approach Fix
FANS	Future Air Navigation Systems
FAR	Federal Aviation Regulations (federal rules under which flight operations are conducted)
FAR	Federal Acquisition Regulation
FAST	Final Approach Spacing Tool
FBO	Fixed Based Operator
FCC	Flight Control Computer
FCU	Flight Control Unit
F/D (FD)	Flight Director
FDAMS	Flight Data Acquisition and Management System
FDC	Flight Data Company
FDR	Flight Data Recorder
FEATS	Future European Air Traffic System
FEB	February
FF	Fuel Flow
FGS/C	Flight Guidance System/Computer
FIR	Flight Information Region
Fix	Position in space usually on aircraft's flight plan
FL	Flight Level
FL 310	For example, FL310 is an altitude 31,000 ft. above sea level; used for altitudes above 18,000 ft
FLCH	Flight Level Change
FLIDRAS	Flight Data Replay and Analysis System
FLT	Flight
FMA	Flight Mode Annunciator: display on or near the PFDs of the current modes of autoflight system
FMC	Flight Management Computer (also FMCS - FMC System)
FMGC	Flight Management Guidance Computer
FMGS	Flight Management Guidance System
FMS	Flight Management System
FO	First officer
FOQA	Flight Operations Quality Assurance
FPA	Flight Path Angle
FPA	Focal Plane Array
FPM	Feet Per Minute
FQIS	Fuel Quantity Indicating System
FR	From
FRA	Flap Retraction Altitude
FRA	Federal Railroad Administration
FREQ	Frequency
FSF	Flight Safety Foundation
FT	Feet
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GA	Go-Around
GA	General Aviation
GAR	Go-Around
GCA	Ground-controlled Approach
GDLP	Ground Data Link Processor (the Mode S subnetwork function within the ground system that implements the OSI network layer protocols)
GHz	Gigahertz
GMT	Greenwich MeanTime
GNSS	Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS	Global Positioning System
GPWS	Ground Proximity Warning System (warns of inadequate separation from ground and excessive sink rate close to ground)
GRAF	Ground Replay and Analysis Facility
GRP	Geographical Reference Points
GS	Glide Slope
GS	Ground Speed
G/S	Glideslope
GSFC	Goddard Space Flight Center
GW	Gross Weight
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HAC	Hughes Aircraft Co.
HAI	Helicopter Association International
HBARO	Barometric Altitude
HDG	Heading
HDG SEL	Heading Select
HDOT	Inertial Vertical Speed
HE	Altitude Error
HF	High Frequency
Hl	High
HIRS	High-Resolution Infrared Sounder
Host Computer	Facility located at the ARTCC which operates user application software, as well as certain peer network layer protocols required to communicate with adjacent ATN routers.
Host Processor	"End system" as defined by ISO that includes the OSI upper layer protocols (i.e., transport layer and above) and application processes
HP	Holding Pattern
HPRES	Pressure Altitude
HSI	Horizontal Situation Indicator
HUD	Head-Up Display
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IA	Inspection Authorization
IAOA	Indicated Angle-of-Attack
IAS	Indicated Airspeed
ICAAS	Integrated Control in Avionics for Air Superiority
ICAO	International Civil Aviation Organization
ID	Identifier
IDENT	Identification
IEPR	Integrated Engine Pressure Ratio
IF	Intermediate Frequency
IFR	Instrument Flight Rules
IFRB	International Frequency Registration Board
IGFET	Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor
ILS	Instrument Landing System (uses precision localizer and glide-slope radio transmitters near a runway to provide landing approach guidance)
IMC	Instrument Meteorological Conditions
INBD	Inbound
INFO	Information
in.hg	. inches of mercury
INIT	Initialization
INR	Image Navigation and Registration
INS	Inertial Navigation System
INTC	Intercept
IPT	Integrated Product Team
IRS	Inertial Reference System
IRU	Inertial Reference Unit
ISA	International Standard Atmosphere
ISO	International Standards Organization
ITU	International Telecommunications Union
Back to Top - J -
JAL	Japan Air Lines
JAN	January
JAR	Joint Airworthiness Regulations
JATO	Jet Assisted Takeoff
JL	Japan Air Lines
JSRA	Joint Sponsored Research Agreement
JUL	July
JUN	June
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KG	Kilogram
kHz	kilohertz
KLM	Royal Dutch Airlines
km	Kilometer
KT (kts)	Knots
kW	Kilowatt
Back to Top - L -
L	Left
LAT	Latitude
LAX	Identifier for Los Angeles
LCN	Local Communications Network.
LDGPS	Local DGPS
LFR	Low-frequency Radio Range
LIM	Limit
LMM	Compass locator at the middle marker
LNAV	Lateral Navigation (provides computer description of aircraft's planned lateral flight path that can be tracked by the autoflight system; lateral path can be shown on map display.)
LO	Low
LOC	Localizer Beam
LOE	Line Oriented Evaluation
LOFT	Line Oriented Flight Training
LOM	Compass Locator at the Outer Marker
LON	Longitude
LORAN	Long Range Navigation
LOS	Line-Oriented Simulation
LRC	Long Range Cruise
LRU	Line Replaceable Unit
LVL CHG	Level Change
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M	Mach Number
M	Manual Tuned NAVAID
MAA	Maximum Authorized IFR Altitude
MAG	Magnetic
MAINT	Maintenance
MAN	Manual
MAP	Missed Approach
MAR	March
M/ASI	Mach/Airspeed Indicator
MAX	Maximum
MAX CLB	Maximum engine thrust for two-engine climb
MAX CRZ	Maximum engine thrust for two-engine cruise
MCA	Minimum Crossing Altitude
MCDU	Multipurpose Control Display Unit
MCP	Mode Control Panel (pilots' interface to the autoflight system; usually located centrally just below cockpit glare shield)
MCT	Maximum Continuous Thrust
MCW	Modulated Continuous Wave
MDA	McDonnell-Douglas Aerospace
MDA	Minimum Descent Altitude
MDL	Multipurpose Data Link
MEA	Minimum Enroute Altitude
MEL	Minimum Equipment List
MIDAS	Man-Machine Integration Design and Analysis System (NASA Ames)
MIDAS	Multi-discipline Data Analysis System
MILSPEC	Military Specifications
MIN	Minutes
MIN	Minimum
MIT	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MLA	ManeuverLimited Altitude
MLE	Landing Gear Extended Placard Mach Number
MLS	Microwave Landing System
MMO	Mach Max Operating
MN	Magnetic North
MOA	Memorandum of Agreement
MOCA	Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude
MOD	Modified/Modification
Mode S	Type of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) equipment which provides Mode A and Mode C interrogations, discrete address (Mode S) interrogations from the ground or air, and a data link capability
MODIS	Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer
MRA	Minimum Reception Altitude
MSG	Message
MSL	Mean Sea Level
MTBF	Mean Time Between Failures
MU	Management Unit
MWP	Meteorological Weather Processor
Back to Top - N - N	North
N/A	Not Applicable
NAV	Navigation
NAVAID	Navigational Aid
NGATM	New Generation Air Traffic Manager
ND	Navigation Display
NDB	Nondirectional Radio Beacon
NLM	Network Loadable Module
NM	Nautical Mile
NOTAM	Notice for Airman
NOV	November
NW	Northwest Airlines
Nl	Engine Revolutions per Minute (percent)
Back to Top - O -
OAG	Official Airline Guide
OAT	Outside AirTemperature
OATS	Orbit and Attitude Tracking
OBTEX	Offboard Targeting Experiments
OCT	October
ODAPS	Operational OGE Data Acquisition and Patch Subsystem
OFST	Lateral Offset Active Light
OGE	Operational Ground Equipment
OIS	OGE Input Simulator
OO	SkyWest Airlines
OP	Operational
OPT	Optimum
O-QAR	Optical Quick Access Recorder
OSI	Open Sytem Interconnection (ISO defined communications architecture used in data link to permit heterogeneous data communication systems to be interconnected in order to allow the reliable exchange of messages without regard to the implementation of the networks and physical media through which the messages pass)
OTFP	Operational Traffic Flow Planning
OV	Overseas National Airways
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P	Procedure-Required Tuned NAVAID
PA	Pan Am
PAR	Precision Approach Radar
PAWES	Performance Assessment and Workload Evaluation
PBD	Place Bearing/Distance (way point)
PD	Profile Descent
PDB	Performance Data Base
PDC	Pre Departure Clearance
PERF	Performance
PF	Pilot Flying
PFD	Primary Flight Display
PHARE	Program for Harmonized ATC Research in Europe
PHIBUF	Performance Buffet Limit
PHINOM	Nominal Bank Angle
PIREPS	Pilot Reports
PMS	Performance Management System
PND	Primary Navigation Display
PNF	Pilot Not Flying
POS	Position
POS INIT	Position Initialization
POS REF	Position Reference
PPI	Plan Position Indicator
PPOS	Present Position
PREV	Previous
PROC	Procedure
PROF	Profile
PROG	Progress Page on MCDU
PROV	Provisional
PS	Pacific Southwest Airways
PT	Total Pressure
PTH	Path
PVD	Plan View Display
Back to Top - Q -
QAR	Quick Access Recorder
QNH	Quantity
QRH	The barometric pressure as reported by a particular station
QTY	Quantity
QUAD	Quadrant
Back to Top - R -
R	Right
R	Route Tuned NAVAID
RAD	Radial
RAD	Radio
RAPS	Recovery Access Presentation System
RASCAL	Rotorcraft Air Crew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory
RCP	Radio Control Panel
R/C	Rate of Climb
RDP	Radar Data Processing (system)
REF	Reference
REQ	Required/Requirement
REQ	Request
RESTR	Restriction
RESYNCING	Resynchronizing
rf	radio frequency
RMPs	Radio Management Panels
RNAV	Area Navigation (generic acronym for any device capable of aircraft guidance between pilot-defined waypoints
RNP	Required Navigation Performance
Router	An ATN network layer gateway which performs the relaying and routing of data packets across interconnecting subnetworks based on the source and destination network layer addresses and the desired quality of network service
RTA	Required Time of Arrival
RTCA	Radio Technical Committee on Aeronautics
RTE	Route
RVR	Runway Visual Range
RW	Runway
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S	South
SA	Situation Awareness
SAS	Scandinavian Airlines System
SAT	Static Air Temperature
SATCOM	Satellite Communications
SBIR	Small Business Innovative Research
S/C	Step Climb
SEA/TAC	Seattle/Tacoma International Airport
SEL	Selected
SEP	September
SESMA	Special Event Search and Master Analysis
SID	Standard Instrument Departure
SIGMET	Significant Meteorological Information
SITA	Société Internationale Télécommunique Aéronautique
SO	Southern Airways
SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
SOPA	Standard Operating Procedure Amplified
SP	Space
SPD	Speed Mode
SPS	Sensor Processing Subsystem
SQL	Structured Query Language
SRP	Selected Reference Point
SSFDR	Solid-State Flight Data Recorder
SSM	Sign Status Matrix
STAB	Stabilizer
STAR	StandardTerminal Arrival Route
STEPCLB	StepClimb
STOL	Short Takeoff and Landing
STTR	Small Business Technology Transfer Resources
SUA	Special Use Airspace
SWAP	Severe Weather Avoidance Program
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TACAN	Tactical Air Navigation
TACH	Tachometer
TAI	Thermal Anti-lce
TAP	Terminal Area Productivity
TAS	True Airspeed
TAT	Total AirTemperature
TATCA	Terminal Air Traffic Control Automaiton
TBD	To Be Determined
TBO	Time between Overhauls
TBS	To Be Specified
TCA	Terminal Control Area
TCAS	Traffic Alert & Collision Avoidance System
T/C (TOC)	Top-of-Climb
T/D (TOD)	Top of-Descent
TDWR	Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR located and classifies windshear conditions and provides advisories in the terminal area. These data are available through the DLP.)
TEMP	Temperature
TFM	Traffic Flow Management
TGT	Target
THDG	True Heading
THR	Thrust
THR HOLD	Throttle Hold
TI	Texas International
TIAS	True Indicated Airspeed
TKE	TrackAngle Error
TMA	Traffic Management Advisor
TMC	Thrust Management Computer
TMF	Thrust Management Function
TMU	Traffic Management Unit
TN	True North
T/O (TO)	Takeoff
TOD	Top of Descent
TO EPR	Takeoff Engine Pressure Ratio
TO Nl	Takeoff Engine Fan Speed
TOGA	Takeoff/Go-Around
TOT	Total
TRA	Thrust Reduction Altitude
TRACON	Terminal Radar Approach Control Facility.
TRANS	Transition
TRK	Track (to a NAVAID)
TRU	True
TSRV	Transport Systems Research Facility
TT	Total Temperature
TURB	Turbulence
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UA	United
UHF	Ultra-high Frequency
Back to Top - V -
V	Velocity
VA	Heading to an Altitude
VA	Design Maneuvering Speed
VAR	Variation
VAR	Volt-amps Reactive
VAR	Visual-aural Radio Range
VASI	Visual Approach Slope Indicator
VBF(LO)	Flaps up minimum buffet speed at current maneuver load factor minus altitude dependent variable
VBFNG(HI)	High speed CAS at N g's to buffet onset
VBFNG(LO)	Low speed CAS at N g's to buffet onset
VCMAX	Active Maximum Control Speed
VCMIN	Active Minimum Control Speed
VC	Design Cruising Speed
VD	Design Diving Speed
VD	Heading to a DME distance
VF	Design Flap Speed
VFE	Flaps Extended Placard Speed
VFR	Visual Flight Rules
VFXR(R)	Flap Retraction Speed
VFXR(X)	Flap Extension Speed
VG	Ground Velocity
VGND	Ground Velocity
VH	Maximum Level-flight Speed with Continuous Power
VHF	Very-high Frequency
VHRR	Very High-Resolution Radiometer
VISSR	Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer
Vl	Heading to a course intercept
Vls	Lowest Selectable Airspeed
VLE	Landing Gear Extended Placard Airspeed
VLO	Maximum Landing Gear of Operating Speed
VLOF	Lift-off Speed
VM	Heading to a manual termination
VMC	Visual Meteorological Conditions
VMC	Minimum Control Speed with Critical Engine Out
VM(LO)	Minimum Maneuver Speed
VMAX	Basic Clean Aircraft Maximum CAS
VMIN	Basic Clean Aircraft Minimum CAS
VMO	Velocity Max Operating
VNAV	Vertical Navigation (provides computer description of aircraft's speed and altitude that can be tracked by autoflight system)
VNE	Never-exceed Speed
VNO	Maximum Structural Cruising Speed
VOM	Volt-ohm-milliammeter
VOR	VHF OmniRange Navigatgion System (ground navigational aid that can provide display of aircraft position relative to course through selected ground navigational radio transmitter)
VORTAC	VHF Omni Range Radio/Tactical Air Navagation
VPATH	Vertical Path
VR	Heading to a radial
VR	Takeoff Rotation Velocity
VREF	Reference Velocity
VS	Design Speed for Maximum Gust Intensity
V/S	Vertical Speed/Vertical
VSCS	Voice Switching and Control System
VSI	Stalling Speed in a Specified Flight Configuration
VSO	Stalling Speed in the Landing Configuration
VSTOL	Vertical or Short Takeoff and Landing
VTK	Vertical Track Distance
VTOL	Vertical Takeoff and Landing
V/TRK	Vertical Track
VTR	Variable Takeoff Rating
VU	Utility Speed
VX	Speed for Best Angle of Climb
VY	Speed for Best Rate of Climb
Vl	Critical Engine Failure Velocity (Takeoff Decision Speed)
V2	Takeoff Climb Velocity
Back to Top - W -
W	West
WAAS	Wide Area Augmentation System
Waypoint	Position in space usually on aircraft's flight plan
WBC	Weight and Balance Computer
WINDR	Wind Direction
WINDMG	Wind Magnitude
WPT	Way point
W/MOD	With Modification of Vertical Profile
WMSC	Weather Message Switching Center
WMSCR	Weather Message Switching Center Replacement
WO	World Airways
W/STEP	With Step Change in Altitude
WT	Weight
WX	Weather
WXR	Weather Radar
Back to Top - X -
X-BAND	The frequency range between 8000 and 12500 MHz
XCVR	Transceiver
XFR	Transfer
XLTR	Translater
XM	External Master
XMIT	Transmit
XMITR	Transmitter
XPD	ATC Transponder (also XPDR, XPNDR, TPR)
XTK	Crosstrack (cross track error)
XY	Ryan Air
Back to Top - Y -
YSAS	Yaw Stability Augmentation System
YD	Yaw Damper
Back to Top - Z -
Z	Zulu (GMTtime)
ZFW	Zero Fuel Weight
ZNY	New York Air Route Traffic Control Center
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Different Types of Pilot Careers
Types of pilot
Military

What are the types of pilot?
Military pilot intercontinental
Military pilot regional
Nonmilitary pilot intercontinental
Nonmilitary pilot regional

Pilot Careers

Flying the most advanced aircraft in the world is only one of the many responsibilities associated with a career as an Air Force pilot. Your leadership skills and character are of paramount importance as you take charge of training and commanding crews to accomplish missions. Each type of pilot specializes in different aircraft and skill sets. To learn more, browse through the job descriptions below.

Bomber Pilot flies bomber aircraft and commands crews to accomplish combat operations and training missions.

Test Pilot plans, conducts, directs and reports on flight test programs associated with the design, development and modification of aircraft, aerospace vehicles, flight simulators and related systems.

Fighter Pilot operates fighter-type aircraft and commands crews to accomplish combat, training and other missions.

Generalist Pilot develops plans and policies, monitors and evaluates operations, coordinates staff activities and advises commanders.

Helicopter Pilot operates rotary-wing aircraft and commands crews to accomplish combat, training and other missions.

Trainer Pilot is responsible for flying trainer aircraft in furtherance of the pilot-training mission.

Mobility Pilot flies a variety of mobility aircraft and commands crews to accomplish tanker, airlifts, training and other missions.

Reconnaissance/Surveillance/Electronic Warfare Pilot operates specialized mission aircraft and commands flight crews to accomplish reconnaissance, surveillance, search and rescue, electronic warfare, training and other missions.

Special Operations Pilot flies special operations aircraft (fixed-wing or helicopter) and commands crews to accomplish special operations, training and other missions.

Tanker Pilot operates tanker aircraft and commands crews to accomplish air refueling, airlifts, training and other missions.

Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA) Pilot operates specialized mission aircraft and commands flight crews to accomplish reconnaissance, surveillance, combat, training and other missions

What happens if a navy aircraft is unable to land on an aircraft carrier due to adverse weather conditions?
Can a C-130 Hercules land/take-off from an aircraft carrier?
Here are further guidelines.

Glossary of airline seating

AC Power

AC actually means alternating current. It's the exactly same type of power that comes out of the wall in your home or office. Thus, if your seat is fitted with AC Power, you need nothing else but the standard wall power adapter which your laptop is equipped with. Generally speaking, the power on the plane is of 110V AC and features a semi-universal socket. Sometimes it's a two-prong outlet, and sometimes there's a grounding plug.

Adjustable Headrests

The majority of the long-haul planes have seats equipped with adjustable headrests in all classes which enables the traveler to adjust allowing the passenger to adjust the headrest for more cosiness.

Air Conditioning Nozzle

It may be tilted as well as adjusted by the traveler to induce or reduce the output. It is commonly found on almost any narrow-body plane and left out on wider ones.

ASM

Available Seat Miles. This standard industry measurement of airline output refers to a flight's passenger carrying capacity. It considers an aircraft seat flown one mile, whether occupied or not. So, it is determined by multiplying the number of seats on a plane by the distance traveled in miles. Therefore, an plane fitted with 100 passenger seats that has traveled a distance of 100 miles will generate 10,000 available seat miles. It is used to estimate an airline's capacity to transport passengers.

ASK

Available seat kilometers. This transportation standard is determined by multiplying the number of seats on an aircraft by the distance traveled in kilometers. It is also used to estimate an airline's capacity to transport passengers.

AVOD

Audio and Video on Demand is a system that permits its users to select and watch or listen to video or audio content on demand. There are airlines that offer AVOD as in-flight entertainment to passengers through individually controlled video screens embedded in seat-backs or armrests. This system is also provided by portable media players. AVOD systems existing on planes offer the travelers the possibility of choosing a certain audio or video content and play it on demand with all its inherent options such as fast forward, rewind and pause. AVOD gives you the opportunity to control the pace you choose to watch a film or listen to an album.

Bulkhead

A bulkead in actually a rigid partition in a plane. It is is practically a dividing wall between cabins on long haul flights and in case of short flights, it is commonly a sliding curtain. A bulkhead is therefore a divider which separates the classes or sections of a plane. You may find more information on bulkhead in our article about The Advantages and Disadvantages of Bulkhead Seats.

Bumped

A specific term used to refer to a passenger being offloaded from a flight. Airline companies usually overbook their flight because they need to compensate for the passengers that do not show up. Getting bumped from a flight greatly depends on the moment you officially check-in for your flight, so they best way to avoid this is to make an effort to arrive early. You may find more information on your rights in case you get bumped from a flights in our two articles dealing with oversold flights in US as well as Europe.

Cabin

This is the inside area of the aircraft. Commonly, there are separate cabins for First Class travelers, Business Class travelers and even one or more cabins for Economy Class travelers.

Call Button

A button that will alert a flight attendant to assist passengers.

Cigarette Power

It also known as DC Power Cigarette. This is the same type of power that is provided in your car, with what is yet commonly names cigarette lighter. You'll need a cigarette power adapter if you want to use this type of power with your laptop. Still, Cigarette and EmPower adapters are available in all IT shops.

Closet

A closet in more than often reserved for First Class passengers. It is a limited section which is designed to garment bags or other odd-shaped items to be hung. The flight attendant is the one who decides on who and where to hand their items in the closet.

Cradle/Recliner Seat

This is a seat that reclines as far as 160 degrees from the seat base. They're quite cosy in case of shorter-haul flights but they may only allow you to relax. Most of the passengers consider that it is quite difficult to sleep in them. They do not lie back as much as the Lie-flat and Flat Bed Seats do and they are only available in Business Class of some carriers.

Crew Rest

It is a specific division on the plane which is specially reserved tfor he Flight Attendants or Pilots as a rest area. It is common on long-haul flights.

DC Power

DC actually means direct current and it is the type of power that you get from a battery. Also, it exactly the same type of power port which may be found in practically every car. On a common plane, it bears 15V DC Power at up to 75 watts per outlet. So, unless you have a special adapter, you may not be able to use your laptop with it.

Domestic flights

This is airline jargon referring to a flight that does not go beyond the borders of a country. This site refers to domestic flights as ones in the USA.

Emergency Equipment

Oxygen containers, rafts, flashlights, and other emergency equipment that is often stored in a designated overhead bin, which can make it hard to find room for your bags if this equipment is directly above your seat.

Emergency Exit

A structure specially designed for emergencies. In case of planes, it is a full-sized exit door just. Most of the times there is an emergency slide placed into the door. This feature generates a protusion inside the aircraft. Such a lump may be quite inconvenient to the seat located beside the emergency exit door as it trespasses your own comfort zone.

EmPower®

Aircraft power adapter. It is, in fact, is the in-seat power system which you are more than likely to encounter on every contemporary aircraft. The system is restricted to 75 watts and features 15V DC power. You'll need a special EmPower adapter in order to be able to make use of this system, or you may employ a cigarette power adapter.

Exit Row

This is a row of seats located next to an emergency exit. These rows may also be located next to overwing exits or even full-sized exit doors. If an exit door or a window exit is placed in the row you are sitting in, the whole row is nominated as the exit row.

FA

Flight Attendant

FEBO

Acronym for Front Even, Back Odd. This is a method used by American Airlines when taking meal orders in premium class based on flight number. In case of an even flight number the meal order is taken from the front while with odd flight numbers, the meal orders are taken from the back. You may keep this in mind when choosing your seats.

Flat Bed Seat

This seat goes to a perfectly horizontal position when fully reclined. Thus, it creates a fully flat bed. Such a seat will only be available in Business and/or First Class. They are widely praised by passenger as they are the most comfortable for sleeping.

Foot Cutout

There are bulkheads which have a small cutout at foot level. This small enlargement enables your feet to enjoy some extra space.

Foot-rest / Leg-rest

This device is frequent on international flights and permits the passenger to have one of his/her legs or feet supported and therefore relaxed. Business or First Class passengers will more that frequently enjoy this advantage as it is not normally found in Coach or Economy.

International Flights

This is airline jargon referring to a flight that goes between two countries. We refer to International flights as the ones that travel outside the US. This term is used to separate International Flights from Domestic Flights.

Jump Seat

It denotes a separate seat for flight attendants and crew members who are not operating the aircraft. The passengers are not permitted to use these seats and they are employed during take-off and landing.

Leg-rest

See Foot-rest.

Lie-Flat Seat

Even though its name would make you think that the seat would lie completely flat, it doesn't actually. Its back as well as leg-rest recline at a slight angle. Some seat recline as much as 172 degrees. Passengers frequently consider that these seats are tremendously cosy if your plan to unwind and work. On the other hand, they are not too helpful for sleeping or even catching a wink due to its inconvenient angle when placed in the fully reclined position. This seat will only be available in Business and/or First Class.

Long Haul

This term refers to a flight that lasts for more than 4 hours. Passengers greatly depend on the roominess as well as cosines of their environment when taking on long haul flights.

Lumbar Support

This is a device that is meant to support to the muscles and the lower back. It is ususally built in a seat and may be adjusted manually or even electronically dependeding on the needs of the passengers. This option will normally be available in Business and/or First Class.

Misaligned Window

In this case the seat is not perfectly aligned to its adjacent window. Sometimes, there is even a seat between two window. You won't be able to enjoy the view in this seat as you'll need to make an extra effort in order to get a good view.

Missing Window

Sometimes a seat, despite its location beside a wall and despite having been advertised as as window seat, is placed next to a wall devoid of anything but white paint. The window is missing in this case because the space was needed for the wires as well as any other connections running behind the uninspiring wall.

Op-Up

Acronym for Operational Upgrade - a technical term used for instances when all the tickets in the Economy section have been over-sold but there are some available seats in a superior class. So, the gate agent is compelled to move the passenger from the Economy class to a Business/First class cabin. This "on the house" complimentary upgrade is very rare, though.

Overhead Bin

A common compartment located above the seats which is meant to store the luggage of the passengers. There are some restrictions in so far as baggage size and weight is concerned, so it's good to check them out before your depart.

Overhead TV

Just as its name informs you, this TV-set is placed above the heads of the passengers every three or four rows so that the passengers in these seats may watch it. Of course, they will all watch the same movie or program but they will be able to have the audio in their own language.

Over-wing exits

These exits are meant to allow passengers to evacuate onto the wing. They are smaller than the standard emergency exits existing on a plane. Their size does not allow too many passengers to evacuate at the same time so the have a limited evacuation capacity. They are usually fitted on planes whose evacuation capacity at the main doors is insufficient.

Personal TV

A miniature TV placed right at your seat. You are the possibility of selection your own films or programs.

Pilot Rest

A section from the plane specially reserved for the pilots to rest on long haul flights. This area is customarily located in the First/Business Class section.

Power Port

It is normally fitted in the seat arm rest and allows your to plug in various electronic devices while traveling. Thus, you can freely use your own laptop or portable DVD player as it suits you.

Reading Light

A device that is more than often similar in appearance to the air-conditioning nozzle. You may adjust the intensity of the light you need particularly when the lights are off.

Recline

The extend of how much a seat will lie back. It is measured differently depending on the carrier, i.e. inches or degree.

Recliner Seat

See Cradle Seat.

Seat Pitch

The distance between a seat and the same point on another seat directly in front or behind. It is often confused with "legroom" but it is not exactly the same thing. Legroom is the space available for passengers to stretch their legs while seated. You should be looking for the seats that have the largest pitch. You may read more about seat pitch in our article On Legroom and Airplane Seat Pitch.

Seat Plans

Charts depicting the interior of an aircraft and displaying the layout of the seats.

Seat Width

The distance from armrest to armrest. In economy class this is typically around 17 inches but it varies greatly between airline carriers and aircraft types. If a seat is missing an armrest, the seat cushion will be your reference. You should be looking for the seats that have the largest width.

Service Cart

A cart that is designed to fit through the narrow aisle and that is used but the flight attendants to bring passengers food and drinks.

Slimline Economy Seating

These seats that are intorduced in the economy class are lighter and enable the aircraft to increase its capacity without affecting the amount of legroom or comfort.

Short Haul Flight

A flight that lasts for less than four hours.

Standard Seat

A common, customary and ordinary seat.

Stationary Armrest

When the armrest can't be lifted up, it is called a stationary armrest. These are typically found on the aisle, or when a tray table is located inside the armrest at a bulkhead.

Storage Area

This is a reduced-size area on the plane that is frequently used by the plane crew to keep protective or other items used by the flight attendants during the flight.

Tray Table

The small table that is normally found on the back of the seat in front of you. The tray table may also be located in the armrest, case in which is usually folds out in most first class, business class, bulkhead as well as exit row seats.

Upper Deck

Airplanes such as Boeing 747-400 as well as Airbus A380 were designed with an Upper Deck which also includes passenger seats.

16G seats

These seats are used for transport category airplanes and are meant to withstand withstand 16 times the force of gravity. They meet the 9g requirements of Sec. 25.561 alongside with the dynamic requirements of Sec. 25.562. They are tested in a manner that simulates the loads that could be expected in an impact-survivable accident. Moreover, creating a seat to withstand more than 16g's wouldn't make sense, since any force greater than that would not be survivable. This is why these seats are commonly referred to as 16g seats.

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Airbus	Boeing
Airbus A 300	Boeing 717
Airbus A 310	Boeing 737
Airbus A 320	Boeing 747
Airbus A 330	Boeing 767
Airbus A 350	Boeing 777
Airbus A 380	Boeing 787

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Circulate this to all pilots.

What are you expected to do as a pilot before every flight?

You are not expected to start doing this while at the airport.
This is homework for you.

Pilot's flight log
Update at www.qureshiuniversity.com
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When is a flight plan form not required?
What is a flight plan form?
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What does a flight plan form look like?

How is a flight plan form useful?
It is a way to check your progress and a guarantee that someone will be looking over your shoulder as you fly, taking into account all the details of your route.

What details should you get before filing flight plan form?

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Last Updated: November 4, 2018